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Progressive Postnatal Craniosynostosis and Increased Intracranial Pressure
Abstract
Since its first description by Virchow in 1851, craniosynostosis has been known as a potentially serious condition resulting in premature fusion of skull sutures. Traditionally, craniosynostosis has been regarded as an event that occurs early in fetal development, resulting in a skull shape at birth that is determined by the suture or sutures involved. In recent years, a different form of craniosynostosis has been observed. Patients initially come to the attention of physicians because they exhibit midface hypoplasia or occasionally hypertelorism. The affected individuals all have a normal skull shape and open sutures in infancy but develop multiple-suture craniosynostosis postnatally, ultimately requiring surgical correction. These cases are significant because, although the patients do not initially display the physical manifestations of craniosynostosis, they frequently develop increased intracranial pressure, which can have devastating consequences. Unless these patients are recognized and vigilant follow-up monitoring is instituted at an early age, permanent impairment can result. A retrospective chart review study was conducted, and patients with multiple-suture craniosynostosis who developed symptoms of increased intracranial pressure were selected. The patients were divided into two groups, namely, those with normal sutures and/or head shape at birth (progressive craniosynostosis) (n = 15) and those with abnormal head shapes at birth (classic syndromic craniosynostosis) (n = 12). Clinical and radiological findings typically used to monitor the development of increased intracranial pressure were reviewed for both groups and compared. In addition, mutational analyses were performed. All patients with progressive postnatal craniosynostosis demonstrated clinical, radiological, or ophthalmological evidence of increased intracranial pressure, requiring skull expansion. Those patients displayed papilledema, anterior fontanelle bulge, and thumbprinting more often than did the patients with classic craniosynostosis. Thirteen of 15 patients were given the clinical diagnosis of Crouzon syndrome, which raises the question of whether such patients represent a subset of patients with this syndrome. Mutational analyses for the patients with progressive craniosynostosis demonstrated that, of 13 patients tested, 11 had mutations in exon 7 or 9 of FGFR2, which is a common site of mutations in Crouzon syndrome. The traditional indications of increased intracranial pressure used to monitor patients with classic craniosynostosis can be used to monitor patients with progressive postnatal craniosynostosis, particularly anterior fontanelle bulge, papilledema, and thumbprinting. It is thought that regular monitoring of these characteristics may lead to earlier diagnosis and allow for surgical intervention before the development of undesirable outcomes. It is important for clinicians to be aware of this group of patients, because any delay in diagnosis and treatment can result in severe consequences for the patients.
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“Although bicoronal synostosis is most common, Crouzon syndrome can present with late-onset pansynostosis.18,19”
From Craniosynostosis (2011) · cites this paper as [19]
Citations
Cites
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Research works printed but not linked: 1
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Progressive Postnatal Craniosynostosis and Increased Intracranial Pressure
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Coronal Suture Morphology and Synostotic Progression in Rabbits with Delayed-Onset Craniosynostosis.
Deol, H. (2017) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)
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Bykowski, M. R., Naran, S., Maricevich, R. S., Goldstein, J. A., & Losee, J. E. (2017) · Journal of Craniofacial Surgery · doi:10.1097/scs.0000000000003661
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Maxillofacial Investigation in Craniofacially Malformed Patients
Depprich, R. A. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-46024-2_22
Bartlett, S. P. P. (2008) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/prs.0b013e31819348f4
Progressive postnatal pansynostosis
Ibrahim, D., Niknejad, M. T., & Baba, Y. (2019) · Radiopaedia.org · doi:10.53347/rid-68683
Long-term sequelae of normocephalic pansynostosis: a rare but insidious entity
Wu, M., Massenburg, B. B., Reddy, N., Romeo, D. J., Ng, J. J., Taylor, J. A., Swanson, J. W., Bartlett, S. P. P., & Lang, S. (2024) · Child s Nervous System · doi:10.1007/s00381-024-06379-8
Differences in Scalp Tension Associated With Craniosynostosis Among Patients of Different Races
Sakamoto, Y., Arnaud, É., Kamata, M., Miwa, T., Imai, K., & Sakahara, D. (2024) · Journal of Craniofacial Surgery · doi:10.1097/scs.0000000000010641
Mena-Bernal, J. H., & Castro, M. V. B. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-69386-1_12
Ogawa, J. T., Guyler, M. R., Tomei, K. L., & Wang, H. D. (2025) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A · doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.64028
Rola pielęgniarki w diagnostyce i opiece nad niemowlęciem z kraniosynostozą
Wójtowicz‐Marzec, M., Zarzycka, D., & Berendt, A. M. (2025) · Pielegniarstwo XXI wieku / Nursing in the 21st Century · doi:10.12923/pielxxiw-2025-0011
Oza, P. S., Uttarilli, A., Parthasarathi, K. T. S., Viswanathan, S., Sharma, J., Kiran, V. S., & Patil, S. J. (2025) · Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1038/s10038-025-01415-0
Secondary Coronal Synostosis After Posterior Vault Distraction Osteogenesis
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Braud, S. C., Solot, C. B., McCormack, S. M., Bartlett, S. P. P., Tolley, P. D., Neumeister, E. L., Wang, B., Zackai, E. H., Liu, G. T., Forbes, B. J., et al. (2025) · FACE · doi:10.1177/27325016251394396
Metadata
- Authors
- Connolly, J. P., Gruss, J., Seto, M. L., Whelan, M. F., Ellenbogen, R., Weiss, A., Buchman, S. R., & Cunningham, M. L.
- Affiliations
- Seattle Children's Hospital (US)
- Venue
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
- Published
- 2004-04
- Volume
- 113
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1313-1323
- ISSN
- 0032-1052 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2005565398
- Cited by
- 115
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 1.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- March of Dimes Foundation
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (P60-DE13061-03, P60DE013061)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Craniofacial Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pectus Deformity Diagnosis and Treatment
- Keywords
- intracranial hypertension, Crouzon syndrome, FGFR2 mutations, papilledema, midface hypoplasia, hypertelorism
- MeSH terms
- Child, Child, Preschool, Craniofacial Dysostosis, Craniosynostoses, Female, Humans, Infant, Intracranial Pressure, Male, Retrospective Studies, Disease Progression
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