The DOI matches its Crossref record; 25 of the 25 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
In Vitro and In Vivo: The Story of Nonoxynol 9
Abstract
There is an urgent need to expand the range of interventions to prevent HIV transmission and acquisition, especially those that can be controlled by women. Microbicides, defined as antimicrobial products that can be applied topically for the prevention of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections, may offer one of the most promising preventive interventions, because they could be inexpensive, readily available, and widely acceptable. The first microbial product to be clinically evaluated contained Nonoxynol-9 (nonylpenoxypolyethoxyethanol [N-9]), a nonionic surfactant, as the active agent. This article presents a review of the in vitro, ex vivo, and animal model data on the safety of N-9 and a critical analysis of their predictive power based on the results of multiple safety and efficacy trials.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Solubilization of membranes by detergents
Helenius, A., & Simons, K. (1975) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/0304-4157(75)90016-7 · Cited by 2,932
Van Damme, L., Ramjee, G., Alary, M., Vuylsteke, B., Chandeying, V., Rees, H., Sirivongrangson, P., Tshibaka, L. M., Ettiègne-Traoré, V., Uaheowitchai, C., et al. (2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11079-8 · Cited by 797
Kreiss, J. (1992) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1992.03490040053025 · Cited by 402
Roddy, R. E., Zekeng, L., Ryan, K. A., Tamoufé, U., Weir, S. S., & Wong, E. L. (1998) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199808203390803 · Cited by 366
INACTIVATION OF HTLV-III/LAV-INFECTED CULTURES OF NORMAL HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES BY NONOXYNOL-9 IN VITRO
Hicks, D., Martin, L., Getchell, J., Heath, J., Francis, D., Mcdougal, J. S., Curran, J., & Voeller, B. (1985) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(85)92584-x · Cited by 335
Fichorova, R. N., Tucker, L. D., & Anderson, D. J. (2001) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/322047 · Cited by 302
Safety Study of Nonoxynol-9 as a Vaginal Microbicide: Evidence of Adverse Effects
Stafford, M. K., Ward, H., Flanagan, A., Rosenstein, I. J., Taylor-Robinson, D., Smith, J. R., Weber, J., & Kitchen, V. S. (1998) · Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology · doi:10.1097/00042560-199804010-00006 · Cited by 237
A Dosing Study of Nonoxynol-9 and Genital Irritation
Roddy, R. E., Cordero, M., Cordero, C., & Fortney, J. A. (1993) · International Journal of STD & AIDS · doi:10.1177/095646249300400308 · Cited by 218
COMPARISON OF VAGINAL TOLERANCE TESTS OF SPERMICIDAL PREPARATIONS IN RABBITS AND MONKEYS
Eckstein, P. P., JACKSON, M. C. N., MILLMAN, N., et al. (1969) · Reproduction · doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0200085 · Cited by 159
Krebs, F. C., Miller, S. R., Malamud, D., Howett, M. K., & Wigdahl, B. L. (1999) · Antiviral Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-3542(99)00044-3 · Cited by 106
Cited by
The iron-sulfur clusters of dehydratases are primary intracellular targets of copper toxicity
Macomber, L., & Imlay, J. A. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0812808106 · Cited by 1,117
Role of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy
Arora, A., & Scholar, E. M. (2005) · The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.105.084145 · Cited by 1,014
The effect of excess copper on growth and physiology of important food crops: a review
Adrees, M., Ali, S., Rizwan, M., Ibrahim, M., Abbas, F., Farid, M., Zia-ur-Rehman, M., Irshad, M. K., & Bharwana, S. A. (2015) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-015-4496-5 · Cited by 772
Rekart, M. L. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)67732-x · Cited by 503
Schade, R., Calzado, E. G., Sarmiento, R., Chacana, P. A., Porankiewicz-Asplund, J., & Terzolo, H. R. (2005) · Alternatives to Laboratory Animals · doi:10.1177/026119290503300208 · Cited by 381
Metadata
- Authors
- Hillier, S. L., Moench, T., Shattock, R., Black, R., Reichelderfer, P., & Veronese, F.
- Venue
- JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
- Published
- 2005-05-01
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-8
- ISSN
- 1525-4135 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1988706339
- Cited by
- 572
- References
- 25
- FWCI
- 25.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: In Vitro and In Vivo: The Story of Nonoxynol 9. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1097/01.qai.0000159671.25950.74
- The paper
- Hillier, S. L., Moench, T., Shattock, R., Black, R., Reichelderfer, P., & Veronese, F. (2005). In Vitro and In Vivo: The Story of Nonoxynol 9. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.qai.0000159671.25950.74
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.