Cited by 350Pain Management and Placebo EffectPain Mechanisms and TreatmentsPain Management and Treatment

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 52 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Nocebo hyperalgesia: how anxiety is turned into pain

Colloca, Luana, Benedetti, Fabrizio·2007·Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology

Abstract

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Nocebo hyperalgesia is a phenomenon that is opposite to placebo analgesia and whereby expectation of pain increase plays a crucial role. In recent times, both the neuroanatomical and the neurochemical bases of the nocebo effect and of nocebo-related effects have begun to be explored. Here, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of the neurobiology of the nocebo hyperalgesic effect. RECENT FINDINGS: A typical nocebo hyperalgesic response occurs following the administration of an inert substance which the subject believes to be a hyperalgesic agent (negative placebo or nocebo). It has been shown that the subject's negative expectations of pain worsening induce anticipatory anxiety about the impending pain increase and this triggers the activation of cholecystokinin that, in turn, facilitates pain transmission. Accordingly, cholecystokinin antagonists have been found to prevent this anxiety-induced hyperalgesia. Brain-imaging studies have shown that the perceived intensity of a painful stimulus following negative expectations of pain increase is higher than in the absence of negative expectations and this is associated with changes in activation of specific brain regions. SUMMARY: Since pain appears to be amplified by anxiety through the activation of cholecystokininergic systems, new therapeutic strategies, such as new cholecystokinin antagonists, can be envisaged whenever pain has an important anxiety component.

Overview

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Crossref · 10.1097/aco.0b013e3282b972fb

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  1. Kennedy, 1961, The nocebo reaction, Med World, 95, 203

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Metadata

Authors
Colloca, L., & Benedetti, F.
Affiliations
University of Turin (IT)
Corresponding author
Benedetti, Fabrizio
Venue
Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology
Published
2007-10
Volume
20
Issue
5
Pages
435-439
ISSN
0952-7907 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2028713040
Cited by
350
References
51
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 65 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 14
FWCI
0.71
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Regione Piemonte
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Pain Management and Placebo Effect
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
Keywords
nocebo hyperalgesia, anxiety, pain anticipation, cholecystokinin, cholecystokinin antagonists, placebo analgesia, anticipatory anxiety, pain perception, brain activation, neurobiology of pain
MeSH terms
Animals, Anxiety, Cholecystokinin, Humans, Hyperalgesia, Placebo Effect, Rats

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