Cited by 260Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and PostpartumMaternal and Neonatal HealthcarePregnancy and preeclampsia studies

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Racial Disparities in Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Psychosocial Stress

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Grobman, William A., Parker, Corette B., Willinger, Marian, Wing, Deborah A., Silver, Robert M., Wapner, Ronald J., Simhan, Hyagriv N., Parry, Samuel, Mercer, Brian M., Haas, David M., Peaceman, Alan M., Hunter, Shannon, Wadhwa, Pathik, Elovitz, Michal A., Foroud, Tatiana, Saade, George, Reddy, Uma M., for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: Monitoring Mothers-to-Be (nuMoM2b) Network*·2018·Obstetrics & Gynecology

DOI 10.1097/aog.0000000000002441PMC PMC5785441

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationships between self-reported psychosocial stress and preterm birth, hypertensive disease of pregnancy, and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth and to assess the extent to which these relationships account for racial and ethnic disparities in these adverse outcomes. METHODS: Self-reported measures of psychosocial stress (perceived stress, depression, racism, anxiety, resilience, and social support) were collected during pregnancy among a racially and ethnically diverse cohort of women enrolled in a prospective observational study of nulliparous women with singleton pregnancies, from eight clinical sites across the United States, between October 2010 and May 2014. The associations of preterm birth, hypertensive disease of pregnancy, and SGA birth with the self-reported measures of psychosocial stress as well as with race and ethnicity were evaluated. RESULTS: The study included 9,470 women (60.4% non-Hispanic white, 13.8% non-Hispanic black, 16.7% Hispanic, 4.0% Asian, and 5.0% other). Non-Hispanic black women were significantly more likely to experience any preterm birth, hypertensive disease of pregnancy, and SGA birth than were non-Hispanic white women (12.2% vs 8.0%, 16.7% vs 13.4%, and 17.2% vs 8.6%, respectively; P <.05 for all). After adjusting for potentially confounding factors, including the six different psychosocial factors singly and in combination, non-Hispanic black women continued to be at greater risk of any preterm birth and SGA birth compared with non-Hispanic white women. CONCLUSION: Among a large and geographically diverse cohort of nulliparous women with singleton gestations, non-Hispanic black women are most likely to experience preterm birth, hypertensive disease of pregnancy, and SGA birth. These disparities were not materially altered for preterm birth or SGA birth by adjustment for demographic differences and did not appear to be explained by differences in self-reported psychosocial factors.

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Background
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Do Stressful Events and Racial Discrimination Explain Racial Gaps in Exclusive Breastfeeding Duration? A Qualitative Interview Study with Black, Hispanic, and White Mothers Living in Ohio
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“Black women are also more likely to experience higher levels of discrimination, poorer neighborhood quality, and more stressful life events relative to White women [11, 12].”
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Influential
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“Research has documented the disparities in stressful life events for pregnant Black and Hispanic women (Brunst et al., 2014; Dominguez, 2008; Grobman et al., 2018; Lefmann et al., 2017), but less is known about stressful life events and social support for Pacific Islander women (Schempf et al.,…”
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Association of adverse pregnancy outcomes and multiple gestation with natural menopause: A population-based cohort study
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A systematic review of the relationship between neighborhood stressors, discrimination, and cardiometabolic outcomes during pregnancy
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“…were the “ Williams ’ Discrimination Survey, ” commonly known as the Everyday Discrimination Scale, to assess perceived everyday discrimination ( n = 2) 29,32 , as well as the Krieger Racism Scale( n = 1) 31 andtheExperiencesofDiscriminationscale( n = 1) 26 toassess perceived racial discrimination.”
The Telehealth MOM Study: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial of the Telehealth Multi-component Optimal Model (MOM) of postpartum care
Callaghan‐Koru, J. A., Manning, N., Selig, J. P., Eswaran, H., Tiemeyer, S. M., Rhoads, S., McElfish, P. A., Allison, M. K., Andersen, J. A., Auguste, T. C., et al. (2025) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2025.108085 · Cited by 3
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Self-citation
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Epigenomic pathways from racism to preterm birth: secondary analysis of the Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: monitoring Mothers-to-be (nuMoM2b) cohort study in the USA to examine how DNA methylation mediates the relationship between multilevel racism and preterm birth in black women: a study protocol
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Happiness in Pregnant African American Women
Jallo, N., Brown, L., Elswick, R. K., Kinser, P. A., & Salisbury, A. L. (2021) · The Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1097/jpn.0000000000000529 · Cited by 3
“been posited to explain the racial disparities in infant mortality and adverse birth outcomes.(6,9) Confounding this picture is the role of positive”
Background
Wich factors influencing the number of teeth at 12 months of age: a birth cohort study
da Silveira, E. R., Cademartori, M. G., Ardenghi, T. M., da Silveira, M. F., Barros, F. C., Azevedo, M. S., & Demarco, F. F. (2021) · Brazilian Oral Research · doi:10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0059 · Cited by 3
Complications and Healthcare Consumption of Pregnant Women with a Migrant Background: Could There be an Association with Psychological Distress?
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Resilience as a potential modifier of racial inequities in preterm birth
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Long-term ambient sulfur dioxide exposure during gestation and preterm birth in North Carolina, 2003–2015
Wilkie, A. A., Luben, T. J., Rappazzo, K. M., Foley, K. M., Woods, C. G., Serre, M. L., Richardson, D. B., & Daniels, J. L. (2024) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120669 · Cited by 3
Communicating with African-American Women Who Have Had a Preterm Birth About Risks for Future Preterm Births
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Method
High Philadelphia Adverse Childhood Experiences Survey Score Is Associated With Spontaneous Preterm Birth Among Black Pregnant Individuals: A Secondary Analysis of a Prospective Cohort
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InfluentialSelf-citation
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Background
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Influential
Using non-parametric Bayes shrinkage to assess relationships between multiple environmental and social stressors and neonatal size and body composition in the Healthy Start cohort
Martenies, S. E., Hoskovec, L., Wilson, A., Moore, B. F., Starling, A. P., Allshouse, W. B., Adgate, J. L., Dabelea, D., & Magzamen, S. L. (2022) · Environmental Health · doi:10.1186/s12940-022-00934-z · Cited by 3
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“Further efforts are still needed to explain the remaining disparity in SGA births, though a less tangible psychosocial stress from cumulative lifelong disadvantage may be contributory (Wallace et al., 2015; Grobman et al., 2018).”
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“…resources, including, but not limited to, income and education (e.g., Amiri et al. 2008; Navarro et al. 2009; Psaki et al. 2019), adequate healthcare and nutrition (e.g., Baird et al. 2006; Ellison 2003), and differences in potential exposure to psychosocial stress (e.g., Grobman et al. 2018).”
Examining the Acceptability and Feasibility of a Doula Intervention Program for Veterans Receiving VA Maternity Care Benefits
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“Flowchart for the inclusion of study participants.(1) Second interview could be missing due to the”
BackgroundInfluential
Exploring the Relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Mental Health in Low Birthweight Children
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“…to LBW, including maternal health, racial discrimination, socioeconomic status, access and utilization of prenatal care, and exposure to environmental pollutants (Bekkar et al., 2020; Blumenshine et al., 2010; Li et al., 2020; Lu & Halfon, 2003; Grobman et al., 2018; Kharbanda et al., 2020).”

Authors: Grobman, W. A., Parker, C. B., Willinger, M., Wing, D. A., Silver, R. M., Wapner, R. J., Simhan, H. N., Parry, S., Mercer, B. M., Haas, D. M., Peaceman, A. M., Hunter, S., Wadhwa, P., Elovitz, M. A., Foroud, T., Saade, G., Reddy, U. M., & for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: Monitoring Mothers-to-Be (nuMoM2b) Network*
Affiliations: Northwestern University (US)
ORCID: Grobman, William A.
Parker, Corette B.
Wing, Deborah A.
Silver, Robert M.
Wapner, Ronald J.
Simhan, Hyagriv N.
Parry, Samuel
Haas, David M.
Peaceman, Alan M.
Hunter, Shannon
Wadhwa, Pathik
Elovitz, Michal A.
Foroud, Tatiana
Saade, George
Reddy, Uma M.
Venue: Obstetrics & Gynecology
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2018-02
Volume: 131
Issue: 2
Pages: 328-335
ISSN: 0029-7844 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000002441
PMC: PMC5785441
OpenAlex: W2783803193
Cited by: 260
References: 22
Citations by year: 2026: 17 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 56 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 5
FWCI: 20.82
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Locations: Obstetrics and Gynecology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders: University of Pennsylvania (U10 HD063046, U10 HD063020, U10 HD063047, U10 HD063041, U10 HD063072, U10 HD063036, U10 HD063053, U10 HD063037, U10HD063048)
Northwestern University (U10 HD063053, U10 HD063020, U10 HD063046, U10 HD063048, U10 HD063072, U10 HD063036, U10 HD063047, U10 HD063037, U10 HD063041)
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (U10HD063053, U10HD063046, U10HD063020, U10HD063072, HD063036, U10HD063048, U10HD063041, U10HD063047, U10HD063036, U10HD063037, UG1HD040512)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
Keywords: racial disparities, psychosocial stress, preterm birth, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, small-for-gestational-age birth, non-Hispanic Black women, nulliparous women, perceived stress, racism, depression, anxiety, resilience, social support, pregnancy outcomes
MeSH terms: Adult, Ethnicity, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Small for Gestational Age, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Outcome, Prospective Studies, Stress, Psychological, White People, Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced, Premature Birth, Health Status Disparities, Self Report

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Racial Disparities in Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Psychosocial Stress

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