Cited by 101Reproductive Health and ContraceptionReproductive Health and TechnologiesHistorical Studies on Reproduction, Gender, Health, and Societal Changes

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Effectiveness of Fertility Awareness–Based Methods for Pregnancy Prevention: A Systematic Review

Peragallo Urrutia, Rachel, Polis, Chelsea B., Jensen, Elizabeth T., Greene, Margaret E., Kennedy, Emily, Stanford, Joseph B.·2018·Obstetrics & Gynecology

DOI 10.1097/aog.0000000000002784

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To summarize best available prospective data on typical and perfect use effectiveness of fertility awareness–based methods for avoiding pregnancy. DATA SOURCES: We conducted a systematic review of studies published in English, Spanish, French, or German by June 2017 in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov. METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION: We reviewed 8,755 unique citations and included 53 studies that contained 50 or greater women using a specific fertility awareness–based method to avoid pregnancy, calculated life table pregnancy probabilities or Pearl rates, and prospectively measured pregnancy intentions and outcomes. We systematically evaluated study quality. TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS: Of 53 included studies, we ranked 0 high quality, 21 moderate quality, and 32 low quality for our question of interest. Among moderate-quality studies, first-year typical use pregnancy rates or probabilities per 100 woman-years varied widely: 11.2–14.1 for the Standard Days Method, 13.7 for the TwoDay Method, 10.5–33.6 for the Billings Ovulation Method, 4–18.5 for the Marquette Mucus-only Method, 9.0–9.8 for basal body temperature methods, 13.2 for single-check symptothermal methods, 11.2–33.0 for Thyma double-check symptothermal methods, 1.8 for Sensiplan, 25.6 for Persona, 2–6.8 for the Marquette Monitor-only Method, and 6–7 for the Marquette Monitor and Mucus Method. First-year perfect use pregnancy rates or probabilities among moderate-quality studies were 4.8 for the Standard Days Method, 3.5 for the TwoDay Method, 1.1–3.4 for the Billings Ovulation Method, 2.7 for the Marquette Mucus Method, 0.4 for Sensiplan, 12.1 for Persona, and 0 for the Marquette Monitor. CONCLUSION: Studies on the effectiveness of each fertility awareness–based method are few and of low to moderate quality. Pregnancy rates or probabilities varied widely across different fertility awareness–based methods (and in some cases, within method types), even after excluding low-quality studies. Variability across populations studied precludes comparisons across methods.

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Authors: Peragallo Urrutia, R., Polis, C. B., Jensen, E. T., Greene, M. E., Kennedy, E., & Stanford, J. B.
ORCID: Polis, Chelsea B.
Jensen, Elizabeth T.
Greene, Margaret E.
Kennedy, Emily
Stanford, Joseph B.
Venue: Obstetrics & Gynecology
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2018-09
Volume: 132
Issue: 3
Pages: 591-604
ISSN: 0029-7844 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000002784
OpenAlex: W2887193321
Cited by: 101
References: 98
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 5
FWCI: 1.81
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Obstetrics and Gynecology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Health and Contraception
Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Reproductive Health and Technologies
Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Historical Studies on Reproduction, Gender, Health, and Societal Changes
Keywords: fertility awareness-based methods, contraception, contraceptive effectiveness, Standard Days Method, Billings Ovulation Method, basal body temperature, symptothermal method, personas, natural family planning
MeSH terms: Awareness, Family Planning Services, Female, Fertility, Humans, Pregnancy, Reproductive Techniques

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Effectiveness of Fertility Awareness–Based Methods for Pregnancy Prevention: A Systematic Review

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