The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 25 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Racial Differences in Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To compare the estimated prevalence of, risk factors for, and level of bother associated with subjectively reported and objectively measured pelvic organ prolapse in a racially diverse cohort. METHODS: The Reproductive Risks for Incontinence Study at Kaiser 2 is a population-based cohort study of 2,270 middle-aged and older women. Symptomatic prolapse was self-reported, and bother was assessed on a five-point scale. In 1,137 women, prolapse was measured with the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) system. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent association of prolapse and race while controlling for risk factors. RESULTS: The participants' mean (standard deviation) age was 55 (9) years, and 44% were white, 20% were African American, 18% were Asian American, and 18% were Latina or other race. Seventy-four women (3%) reported symptomatic prolapse. In multivariable analysis, the risk of symptomatic prolapse was higher in white (prevalence ratio 5.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.89-15.12) and Latina (prevalence ratio 4.89, 95% CI 1.64-14.58) compared with African-American women. Race was not associated with report of moderate to severe bother. Degree of prolapse by POP-Q stage was similar across all racial groups; however, the risk of the leading edge of prolapse at or beyond the hymen was higher in white (prevalence ratio 1.40, 95% CI 1.02-1.92) compared with African-American women. CONCLUSION: Compared with African-American women, Latina and white women had four to five times higher risk of symptomatic prolapse, and white women had 1.4-fold higher risk of objective prolapse with leading edge of prolapse at or beyond the hymen. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.
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“Compared with nulliparity, vaginal delivery was a significant risk factor in 2 studies 24,29 and could therefore be identified as a confirmed risk factor.”
From Risk factors for primary pelvic organ prolapse and prolapse recurrence: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [29]
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“Of the 2 studies that could be pooled, the OR showed a borderline significant but small effect for Black ethnicity to be protective against primary POP (n¼2, pooled OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.92e1.00)”
From Risk factors for primary pelvic organ prolapse and prolapse recurrence: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [29]
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“prior epidemiologic studies have described differences in symptomatic and objective prolapse by race and ethnicity.15,16”
From Characteristics Associated With Surgical Failure After Native Tissue Apical Prolapse Repair (2024) · cites this paper as [15]
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“For ethnicity, 1 study showed Black ethnicity to be protective against POP, 36 and 3 studies showed no association.”
From Risk factors for primary pelvic organ prolapse and prolapse recurrence: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [29]
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Citations
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A Modified Poisson Regression Approach to Prospective Studies with Binary Data
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“16 Antibiotic therapy for UTI in the past year 319 (14) 167 (15) 152 (13) .”
Krieger, N. R. (1992) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.82.5.703 · Cited by 1,661
Pelvic organ prolapse in the women's health initiative: Gravity and gravidity
Hendrix, S. L., Clark, A., Nygaard, I., Aragaki, A. K., Barnabei, V. M., & McTiernan, A. (2002) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1067/mob.2002.123819 · Cited by 1,273
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Cost of Pelvic Organ Prolapse Surgery in the United States
Subak, L. L., Waetjen, L. E., Eeden, S. K. V. D., Thom, D. H., Vittinghoff, E., & Brown, J. S. (2001) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0029-7844(01)01472-7 · Cited by 539
Self-citationParity, Mode of Delivery, and Pelvic Floor Disorders
Lukacz, E. S., Lawrence, J. M., Contreras, R., Nager, C. W., & Luber, K. M. (2006) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000218096.54169.34 · Cited by 391
Urinary incontinence in older women: Who is at risk?
BROWN, J., Seeley, D. G., Fong, J. M., Black, D., Ensrud, K. E., & Grady, D. (1996) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0029-7844(96)00013-0 · Cited by 350
Self-citationPrevalence and Co-Occurrence of Pelvic Floor Disorders in Community-Dwelling Women
Lawrence, J. M., Lukacz, E. S., Nager, C. W., Hsu, J. Y., & Luber, K. M. (2008) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0b013e3181660c1b · Cited by 323
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse and its recurrence: a systematic review
Vergeldt, T. F. M., Weemhoff, M., IntHout, J., & Kluivers, K. B. (2015) · International Urogynecology Journal · doi:10.1007/s00192-015-2695-8 · Cited by 572
Pelvic floor disorders 5-10 years after vaginal or cesarean childbirth
Handa, V. L., Blomquist, J. L., Knoepp, L. R., Hoskey, K. A., McDermott, K. C., & Muñoz, A. (2011) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0b013e3182267f2f · Cited by 345
Association of Delivery Mode With Pelvic Floor Disorders After Childbirth.
Blomquist, J. L., Muñoz, A., Carroll, M., & Handa, V. L. (2018) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2018.18315 · Cited by 328
Schulten, S. F. M., Claas-Quax, M. J., Weemhoff, M., van Eijndhoven, H. W., van Leijsen, S. A., Vergeldt, T. F., IntHout, J., & Kluivers, K. B. (2022) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2022.04.046 · Cited by 245
“47).(29,36,37) Age as a categorical variable could not be pooled, but 2 studies showed older age to be a risk factor(24,35) (Figure 6).”
BackgroundThe Epidemiology of Pelvic Floor Disorders and Childbirth
Hallock, J. L., & Handa, V. L. (2016) · Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ogc.2015.10.008 · Cited by 216
Metadata
- Authors
- Whitcomb, E. L., Rortveit, G., Brown, J. S., Creasman, J. M., Thom, D. H., Van Den Eeden, S. K., & Subak, L. L.
- Affiliations
- Kaiser Permanente (US)
- ORCID
- Thom, David H.
- Venue
- Obstetrics & Gynecology
- Published
- 2009-12
- Volume
- 114
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1271-1277
- ISSN
- 0029-7844 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2879888
- OpenAlex
- W2049056259
- Semantic Scholar
- 77bd2e345315067c8ed5956b427c75f1008ed0e4
- Cited by
- 166
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 3.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Obstetrics and Gynecology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P50DK064538, R01DK053335, DK53335, K24DK080775)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD 41134, R01HD041134)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Pelvic floor disorders treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Uterine Myomas and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Keywords
- pelvic organ prolapse, racial disparities, African American women, Hispanic women, white women, risk factors, symptom bother, POP-Q staging, middle-aged and older women
- MeSH terms
- California, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Prevalence, Racial Groups, Pelvic Organ Prolapse
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