The DOI matches its Crossref record; 43 of the 43 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Long-term Exposure to Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Mortality: An Analysis of 22 European Cohorts
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Air pollution has been associated with cardiovascular mortality, but it remains unclear as to whether specific pollutants are related to specific cardiovascular causes of death. Within the multicenter European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE), we investigated the associations of long-term exposure to several air pollutants with all cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, as well as with specific cardiovascular causes of death. METHODS: Data from 22 European cohort studies were used. Using a standardized protocol, study area-specific air pollution exposure at the residential address was characterized as annual average concentrations of the following: nitrogen oxides (NO2 and NOx); particles with diameters of less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), less than 10 μm (PM10), and 10 μm to 2.5 μm (PMcoarse); PM2.5 absorbance estimated by land-use regression models; and traffic indicators. We applied cohort-specific Cox proportional hazards models using a standardized protocol. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to obtain pooled effect estimates. RESULTS: The total study population consisted of 367,383 participants, with 9994 deaths from CVD (including 4,992 from ischemic heart disease, 2264 from myocardial infarction, and 2484 from cerebrovascular disease). All hazard ratios were approximately 1.0, except for particle mass and cerebrovascular disease mortality; for PM2.5, the hazard ratio was 1.21 (95% confidence interval = 0.87-1.69) per 5 μg/m and for PM10, 1.22 (0.91-1.63) per 10 μg/m. CONCLUSION: In a joint analysis of data from 22 European cohorts, most hazard ratios for the association of air pollutants with mortality from overall CVD and with specific CVDs were approximately 1.0, with the exception of particulate mass and cerebrovascular disease mortality for which there was suggestive evidence for an association.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Meta-analysis in clinical trials
DerSimonian, R., & Laird, N. (1986) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2 · Cited by 39,552
Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1186 · Cited by 36,763
Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution
Pope III, C. A. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.287.9.1132 · Cited by 8,447
Brook, R. D., Rajagopalan, S., Pope, C. A., Brook, J. R., Bhatnagar, A., Diez-Roux, A. V., Holguin, F., Hong, Y., Luepker, R. V., Mittleman, M. A., et al. (2010) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e3181dbece1 · Cited by 6,548
Self-citationPope, C. A., Burnett, R. T., Thurston, G. D., Thun, M. J., Calle, E. E., Krewski, D., & Godleski, J. J. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000108927.80044.7f · Cited by 2,592
Long-term exposure to air pollution and incidence of cardiovascular events in women
Miller, K. A., Siscovick, D. S., Sheppard, L., Shepherd, K., Sullivan, J. H., Anderson, G. L., & Kaufman, J. D. (2007) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa054409 · Cited by 1,854
Long-term air pollution exposure and cardio- respiratory mortality: a review
Hoek, G., Krishnan, R. M., Beelen, R., Peters, A., Ostro, B., Brunekreef, B., & Kaufman, J. D. (2013) · Environmental Health · doi:10.1186/1476-069x-12-43 · Cited by 1,841
Self-citationRaaschou-Nielsen, O., Andersen, Z. J., Beelen, R., Samoli, E., Stafoggia, M., Weinmayr, G., Hoffmann, B., Fischer, P., Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J., Brunekreef, B., et al. (2013) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(13)70279-1 · Cited by 1,582
Self-citationLaden, F., Schwartz, J., Speizer, F. E., & Dockery, D. W. (2006) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.200503-443oc · Cited by 1,416
Beelen, R., Raaschou-Nielsen, O., Stafoggia, M., Andersen, Z. J., Weinmayr, G., Hoffmann, B., Wolf, K., Samoli, E., Fischer, P., Nieuwenhuijsen, M., et al. (2014) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)62158-3 · Cited by 1,335
Self-citation
Cited by
The Lancet Commission on pollution and health
Landrigan, P. J., Fuller, R., Acosta, N. J. R., Adeyi, O., Arnold, R., Basu, N. (., Baldé, A. B., Bertollini, R., Bose-O'Reilly, S., Boufford, J. I., et al. (2018) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32345-0 · Cited by 4,929
Chen, J., & Hoek, G. (2020) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.105974 · Cited by 1,042
Self-citationHealth Impacts of Active Transportation in Europe
Rojas-Rueda, D., de Nazelle, A., Andersen, Z. J., Braun-Fahrländer, C., Bruha, J., Bruhova-Foltynova, H., Desqueyroux, H., Praznoczy, C., Ragettli, M. S., Tainio, M., et al. (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0149990 · Cited by 284
Self-citationDesigning health impact functions to assess marginal changes in outdoor fine particulate matter
Burnett, R. T., Spadaro, J. V., Garcia, G. R., & Pope, C. A. (2022) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2021.112245 · Cited by 55
Outdoor air quality and human health: An overview of reviews of observational studies
Markozannes, G., Pantavou, K., Rizos, E. C., Sindosi, O. Α., Tagkas, C., Seyfried, M., Saldanha, I. J., Hatzianastassiou, N., Nikolopoulos, G. K., & Ntzani, E. (2022) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119309 · Cited by 40
Metadata
- Authors
- Beelen, R., Stafoggia, M., Raaschou-Nielsen, O., Andersen, Z. J., Xun, W. W., Katsouyanni, K., Dimakopoulou, K., Brunekreef, B., Weinmayr, G., Hoffmann, B., Wolf, K., Samoli, E., Houthuijs, D., Nieuwenhuijsen, M., Oudin, A., Forsberg, B., Olsson, D., Salomaa, V., Lanki, T., Yli-Tuomi, T., Oftedal, B., Aamodt, G., Nafstad, P., De Faire, U., Pedersen, N. L., Östenson, C.-G., Fratiglioni, L., Penell, J., Korek, M., Pyko, A., Eriksen, K. T., Tjønneland, A., Becker, T., Eeftens, M., Bots, M., Meliefste, K., Wang, M., Bueno-de-Mesquita, B., Sugiri, D., Krämer, U., Heinrich, J., de Hoogh, K., Key, T., Peters, A., Cyrys, J., Concin, H., Nagel, G., Ineichen, A., Schaffner, E., Probst-Hensch, N., Dratva, J., Ducret-Stich, R., Vilier, A., Clavel-Chapelon, F., Stempfelet, M., Grioni, S., Krogh, V., Tsai, M.-Y., Marcon, A., Ricceri, F., Sacerdote, C., Galassi, C., Migliore, E., Ranzi, A., Cesaroni, G., Badaloni, C., Forastiere, F., Tamayo, I., Amiano, P., Dorronsoro, M., Katsoulis, M., Trichopoulou, A., Vineis, P., & Hoek, G.
- Venue
- Epidemiology
- Published
- 2014-05
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 368-378
- ISSN
- 1044-3983 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2137167968
- Cited by
- 323
- References
- 43
- FWCI
- 16.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Long-term Exposure to Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Mortality: An Analysis of 22 European Cohorts. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1097/ede.0000000000000076
- The paper
- Beelen, R., Stafoggia, M., Raaschou-Nielsen, O., Andersen, Z. J., Xun, W. W., Katsouyanni, K., Dimakopoulou, K., Brunekreef, B., Weinmayr, G., Hoffmann, B., Wolf, K., Samoli, E., Houthuijs, D., Nieuwenhuijsen, M., Oudin, A., Forsberg, B., Olsson, D., Salomaa, V., Lanki, T., . . . Hoek, G. (2014). Long-term Exposure to Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Mortality: An Analysis of 22 European Cohorts. Epidemiology. https://doi.org/10.1097/ede.0000000000000076
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
