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Prenatal Exposure to Traffic Pollution: Associations with Reduced Fetal Growth and Rapid Infant Weight Gain
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Prenatal air pollution exposure inhibits fetal growth, but implications for postnatal growth are unknown. METHODS: We assessed weights and lengths of US infants in the Project Viva cohort at birth and 6 months. We estimated 3rd-trimester residential air pollution exposures using spatiotemporal models. We estimated neighborhood traffic density and roadway proximity at birth address using geographic information systems. We performed linear and logistic regression adjusted for sociodemographic variables, fetal growth, and gestational age at birth. RESULTS: Mean birth weight-for-gestational age z-score (fetal growth) was 0.17 (standard deviation [SD] = 0.97; n = 2,114), 0- to 6-month weight-for-length gain was 0.23 z-units (SD = 1.11; n = 689), and 17% had weight-for-length ≥95th percentile at 6 months of age. Infants exposed to the highest (vs. lowest) quartile of neighborhood traffic density had lower fetal growth (-0.13 units [95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.25 to -0.01]), more rapid 0- to 6-month weight-for-length gain (0.25 units [95% CI = 0.01 to 0.49]), and higher odds of weight-for-length ≥95th percentile at 6 months (1.84 [95% CI = 1.11 to 3.05]). Neighborhood traffic density was additionally associated with an infant being in both the lowest quartile of fetal growth and the highest quartile of 0- to 6-month weight-for-length gain (Q4 vs. Q1, odds ratio = 3.01 [95% CI = 1.08 to 8.44]). Roadway proximity and 3rd-trimester black carbon exposure were similarly associated with growth outcomes. For 3rd-trimester particulate matter (PM2.5), effect estimates were in the same direction, but smaller and imprecise. CONCLUSIONS: Infants exposed to higher traffic-related pollution in early life may exhibit more rapid postnatal weight gain in addition to reduced fetal growth.
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“In another study, infants exposed to higher traffic-related air pollution in early life were more likely to develop the “thrifty phenotype,” where infants initially born with low birth weight were more prone to rapid weight gain in the first 6 months of life [36].”
From Air pollution and children’s health—a review of adverse effects associated with prenatal exposure from fine to ultrafine particulate matter (2021) · cites this paper as [36]
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“Specific to prenatal PM2.5 exposure in the 3rd trimester, effect estimates were in the same direction, but smaller and imprecise.”
From Air pollution and children’s health—a review of adverse effects associated with prenatal exposure from fine to ultrafine particulate matter (2021) · cites this paper as [36]
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“These data mirror the observed trend in the study by Gorr et al. [64], as well as epidemiological data supporting the “thrifty phenotype” hypothesis [36].”
From Air pollution and children’s health—a review of adverse effects associated with prenatal exposure from fine to ultrafine particulate matter (2021) · cites this paper as [36]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Fleisch, A. F., Rifas-Shiman, S. L., Koutrakis, P., Schwartz, J. D., Kloog, I., Melly, S., Coull, B. A., Zanobetti, A., Gillman, M. W., Gold, D. R., & Oken, E.
- Affiliations
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (IL)
- Harvard University (US)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fleisch, Abby F.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Epidemiology
- Published
- 2015-01
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 43-50
- ISSN
- 1044-3983 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4285344
- OpenAlex
- W2027434270
- Cited by
- 140
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 5.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (T32HS000063)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R37HL066289, T32HL007427)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI102960)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K12DK094721, P30DK092924)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (P03ES000002, P01ES009825, P30ES000002)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (K24HD069408, R37HD034568, R01HD034568)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Environmental Justice and Health Disparities
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Keywords
- prenatal air pollution exposure, traffic-related pollution, infant growth, birth weight, fetal growth, black carbon, particulate matter, Project Viva cohort
- MeSH terms
- Air Pollution, Vehicle Emissions, Birth Weight, Female, Fetal Growth Retardation, Gestational Age, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Trimester, Third, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, United States, Cohort Studies, Weight Gain, Maternal Exposure, Particulate Matter, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, Pediatric Obesity
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