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Cancer Mortality in a Chinese Population Exposed to Hexavalent Chromium in Drinking Water
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In 1987, investigators in Liaoning Province, China, reported that mortality rates for all cancer, stomach cancer, and lung cancer in 1970-1978 were higher in villages with hexavalent chromium (Cr+6)-contaminated drinking water than in the general population. The investigators reported rates, but did not report statistical measures of association or precision. METHODS: Using reports and other communications from investigators at the local Jinzhou Health and Anti-Epidemic Station, we obtained data on Cr+6 contamination of groundwater and cancer mortality in 9 study regions near a ferrochromium factory. We estimated: (1) person-years at risk in the study regions, based on census and population growth rate data, (2) mortality counts, based on estimated person-years at risk and previously reported mortality rates, and (3) rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: The all-cancer mortality rate in the combined 5 study regions with Cr+6-contaminated water was negligibly elevated in comparison with the rate in the 4 combined study regions without contaminated water (rate ratio = 1.13; 95% confidence interval = 0.86-1.46), but was somewhat more elevated in comparison with the whole province (1.23; 0.97-1.53). Stomach cancer mortality in the regions with contaminated water was more substantially elevated in comparison with the regions without contaminated water (1.82; 1.11-2.91) and the whole province (1.69; 1.12-2.44). Lung cancer mortality was slightly elevated in comparison with the unexposed study regions (1.15; 0.62-2.07), and more strongly elevated in comparison with the whole province (1.78; 1.03-2.87). Mortality from other cancers combined was not elevated in comparison with either the unexposed study regions (0.86; 0.53-1.36) or the whole province (0.92; 0.58-1.38). CONCLUSIONS: While these data are limited, they are consistent with increased stomach cancer risk in a population exposed to Crz=6 in drinking water.
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Citations
Cited by
Chromium in Drinking Water: Sources, Metabolism, and Cancer Risks
Zhitkovich, A. (2011) · Chemical Research in Toxicology · doi:10.1021/tx200251t · Cited by 1,132
Ying, Y., Liu, Y., Wang, X., Mao, Y., Cao, W., Hu, P., & Peng, X. (2015) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/am5074722 · Cited by 658
A critical review on bioremediation technologies for Cr(VI)-contaminated soils and wastewater
Xia, S., Song, Z., Jeyakumar, P., Shaheen, S. M., Rinklebe, J., Ok, Y. S., Bolan, N., & Wang, H. (2019) · Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/10643389.2018.1564526 · Cited by 490
Health Effects of Arsenic and Chromium in Drinking Water: Recent Human Findings
Smith, A. H., & Steinmaus, C. M. (2009) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.031308.100143 · Cited by 369
Hembrom, S., Singh, B., Gupta, S. K., & Nema, A. K. (2020) · Contemporary Environmental Issues and Challenges in Era of Climate Change · doi:10.1007/978-981-32-9595-7_2 · Cited by 130
Metadata
- Authors
- Beaumont, J. J., Sedman, R. M., Reynolds, S. D., Sherman, C. D., Li, L.-H., Howd, R. A., Sandy, M. S., Zeise, L., & Alexeeff, G. V.
- Venue
- Epidemiology
- Published
- 2008-01
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 12-23
- ISSN
- 1044-3983 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2012445057
- Cited by
- 255
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 6.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Beaumont, J. J., Sedman, R. M., Reynolds, S. D., Sherman, C. D., Li, L.-H., Howd, R. A., Sandy, M. S., Zeise, L., & Alexeeff, G. V. (2008). Cancer Mortality in a Chinese Population Exposed to Hexavalent Chromium in Drinking Water. Epidemiology. https://doi.org/10.1097/ede.0b013e31815cea4c
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