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AASLD Practice Guidance on the clinical assessment and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Open accessAbstract
PREAMBLE The study of NAFLD has intensified significantly, with more than 1400 publications since 2018, when the last American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) Guidance document was published.1 This new AASLD Guidance document reflects many advances in the field pertinent to any practitioner caring for patients with NAFLD and emphasizes advances in noninvasive risk stratification and therapeutics. A separate guideline focused on the management of patients with NAFLD in the context of diabetes has been written jointly by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinology and AASLD.2 Given the significant growth in pediatric NAFLD, it will not be covered here to allow for a more robust discussion of the diagnosis and management of pediatric NAFLD in the upcoming AASLD Pediatric NAFLD Guidance. A “Guidance” differs from a “Guideline” in that it is not bound by the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment Development and Evaluation system. Thus, actionable statements rather than formal recommendations are provided herein. The highest available level of evidence was used to develop these statements, and, where high-level evidence was not available, expert opinion was used to develop guidance statements to inform clinical practice. Key points highlight important concepts relevant to understanding the disease and its management. The most profound advances in NAFLD relevant to clinical practice are in biomarkers and therapeutics. Biomarkers and noninvasive tests (NITs) can be used clinically to either exclude advanced diseases or identify those with a high probability of cirrhosis.3,4 NIT “cut points” vary with the populations studied, underlying disease severity, and clinical setting. Those proposed in this guidance are meant to aid decision-making in the clinic and are not meant to be interpreted in isolation. Identifying patients with “at-risk” NASH (biopsy-proven NASH with stage 2 or higher fibrosis) is a more recent area of interest. Although the definitive diagnosis and staging of NASH remain linked to histology, noninvasive tools can now be used to assess the likelihood of significant fibrosis, predict risk of disease progression and decompensation, make management decisions, and, to some degree, assess response to treatment. There is an ongoing debate over the nomenclature of fatty liver disease, which had not been finalized at the time this guidance was published. At the culmination of a rigorous consensus process, it is intended that any formal change in nomenclature will advance the field without a negative impact on disease awareness, clinical trial endpoints, or the drug development/approval process. Furthermore, it should allow for the emergence of newly recognized disease subtypes to address the impact of disease heterogeneity, including the role of alcohol, on disease progression and response to therapy. Input from patients has been central to all stages of the consensus process to ensure the minimization of nomenclature-related stigma. DEFINITIONS NAFLD is an overarching term that includes all disease grades and stages and refers to a population in which ≥5% of hepatocytes display macrovesicular steatosis in the absence of a readily identified alternative cause of steatosis (eg, medications, starvation, monogenic disorders) in individuals who drink little or no alcohol (defined as < 20 g/d for women and <30 g/d for men). The spectrum of disease includes NAFL, characterized by macrovesicular hepatic steatosis that may be accompanied by mild inflammation, and NASH, which is additionally characterized by the presence of inflammation and cellular injury (ballooning), with or without fibrosis, and finally cirrhosis, which is characterized by bands of fibrous septa leading to the formation of cirrhotic nodules, in which the earlier features of NASH may no longer be fully appreciated on a liver biopsy. UPDATE ON EPIDEMIOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY The prevalence of NAFLD and NASH is rising worldwide in parallel with increases in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic comorbid disease (insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, central obesity, and hypertension).5,6 The prevalence of NAFLD in adults is estimated to be 25%–30% in the general population7–9 and varies with the clinical setting, race/ethnicity, and geographic region studied but often remains undiagnosed.10–14 The associated economic burden attributable to NASH is substantial.15–17 The prevalence of NASH in the general population is challenging to determine with certainty; however, NASH was identified in 14% of asymptomatic patients undergoing colon cancer screening.14 This study also highlights that since the publication of a prior prospective prevalence study,18 the prevalence of clinically significant fibrosis (stage 2 or higher fibrosis) has increased >2-fold. This is supported by the projected rise in NAFLD prevalence by 2030, when patients with advanced hepatic fibrosis, defined as bridging fibrosis (F3) or compensated will the proj
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“Based on this, it seems reasonable to conclude that should patients continue to complete guideline-based amounts of aerobic exercise over a longer duration, fibrosis improvement may follow [35, 36].”
From Aerobic Exercise Training Leads to MASH Resolution as Defined by the MASH Resolution Index (2026) · cites this paper as [35]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“Moreover, interventions in diet and physical activity are considered to be the cornerstone of management in the whole MASLD spectrum [7, 10].”
From Effects of Mediterranean diet, exercise, and their combination on body composition and liver outcomes in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (2025) · cites this paper as [7]
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In the citing paper
“Although there is no consensus on the optimal diet for treating MASLD, the EASL-EASD-EASO guidelines recently recommended the MD as the preferred option [7, 10].”
From Effects of Mediterranean diet, exercise, and their combination on body composition and liver outcomes in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (2025) · cites this paper as [7]
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“Current guidelines recommend weight loss through dietary modifications, increased physical activity, or both combined in MASLD patients [7, 11, 12].”
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“Various scienti fi c societies have recommended clinical care pathways with an emphasis on the use of non-invasive tests (NITs) and the liaison between primary care/non-hepatology and hepatology settings.”
From EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). (2024) · cites this paper as [126]
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“GLP-1RA-based drugs have been proven beneficial to some extent in dedicated trials and should be considered in patients with obesity and/or T2D and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH)90.”
From Incretin-based therapies for the treatment of obesity-related diseases (2024) · cites this paper as [90]
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“1,3 Currently, there are no approved pharmacological treatments for MASH, so management has been centered around life-style changes and managing comorbidities.”
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“48,49,62 While MRE must be performed in the MRI suite, it can be seamlessly incorporated into standard liver MRI and allows for examination of the whole liver.”
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“8,15 To date, there is a paucity of real-world evidence investigating whether SGLT2is are associated with the improvement of hepatic steatosis in patients with T2DM and MASLD, while recent observational studies have indicated that SGLT2is may reduce the incidence of MASLD 16 or hepatic…”
Diagnostic Accuracy of Transient Elastography in Hepatosteatosis in Youth With Obesity
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“This high prevalence is worrisome, as MASH-related cirrhosis is the leading cause of liver transplantation in females and is anticipated to be the same for males by 2030 [5].”
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“Considering that vitamin E may improve non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) symptoms in some nondiabetic patients, the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) recommends that vitamin E be used in this specific group of individuals 60 .”
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“3 Given the longer timeline required to demonstrate fibrosis improvement, trials should ideally be at least 1-2 years in duration.”
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The importance of patient engagement in the multimodal treatment of MASLD
Boeckmans, J., Hagström, H., Cryer, D. R. H., & Schattenberg, J. M. (2025) · Communications Medicine · doi:10.1038/s43856-025-00871-1 · Cited by 16
“As observed with the GLP-1 receptor agonist Semaglutide, which is registered inmost countries forthe treatmentof T2DMandcauses weight loss as an additional bene fi t 135 , metabolic goals are more easily achieved by patients with concurrent obesity and T2DM.”
InfluentialThe Liver in Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome
Mahmoud, M. C., & Abdelmalek, M. F. (2025) · Clinics in Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.cld.2025.04.003 · Cited by 14
Self-citationShi, Y., Kim, S. U., Yip, T. C., Tsochatzis, E. A., Petta, S., Nakajima, A., Hagström, H., Bugianesi, E., Chan, W., Boursier, J., et al. (2025) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2025.06.001 · Cited by 12
“GLP-1RA treatment was present in individuals with at-risk MASH (n ¼ 109 of 750 [14.5%]).”
InfluentialBril, F., Bolla, P., Huynh, K., & Bobba, S. S. (2025) · Journal of the Endocrine Society · doi:10.1210/jendso/bvaf110 · Cited by 12
“We have provided data using different VCTE and CAP cut-off points, because these are not well established with some differences between guidelines [47, 49 , 50].”
Nițu, E.-T., Jianu, N., Merlan, C., Foica, D., Sbârcea, L., Buda, V. O., Suciu, M., Lombrea, A., & Man, D. E. (2025) · Life · doi:10.3390/life15081185 · Cited by 18
“Across all guidelines, discontinuation of statin therapy is typically considered only when ALT is elevated beyond three times the upper limit of normal or if liver-related symptoms are present [17,69,79,108,109].”
Solomon, A., Cipăian, C. R., Negrea, M. O., Boicean, A., Mihăilă, R. G., Beca, C., Popa, M. L., Grama, S. M., Teodoru, M., & Neamtu, B. M. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12175657 · Cited by 11
“Liver steatosis can also be quantified by the controlled attenuation parameter obtained using transient elastography [23].”
MethodPetroni, M. L., Colosimo, S., Brodosi, L., Armandi, A., Bertini, F., Montesi, D., Bugianesi, E., & Marchesini, G. (2023) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.17768 · Cited by 12
“22,26 The use of internet to educate patients has long been tested in the area of chronic diseases, driven by the need for continuous applications, text messages, DVDs, telephone calls, telehealth video conferencing and video on-demand programing.”
BackgroundCao, Y.-Z., Zheng, G.-L., Zhang, T., Hong-yan, S., Pan, J., Huang, Z.-L., & Zuo, M. (2024) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v30.i4.318 · Cited by 11
“HCC was diagnosed histologically or radiologically in accordance with the latest international guidelines[15].”
Wang, D., Zhou, B.-Y., Xiang, L., Chen, X., & Feng, J. (2024) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v30.i25.3132 · Cited by 11
“The American Association for the Study of Liver Disease (AASLD) does not recommend routine screening for NAFLD among asymptomatic populations, even if they are high-risk[12].”
Vargas-Beltran, A. M., Armendariz-Pineda, S. M., Martínez‐Sánchez, F. D., Martinez-Perez, C., Torre, A., & Córdova‐Gallardo, J. (2025) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v31.i32.108827 · Cited by 10
“Meanwhile, metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors have not demonstrated consistent histological improvements, although metformin may confer some protection against hepato-cellular carcinoma in observational studies[39,40].”
McCaffrey, J. M., & Ibdah, J. A. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17182972 · Cited by 14
“The combined use of diet and exercise is recommended by major societies (e.g., the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the American Gastroen-terological Association) as the first-line therapy [219,313].”
Concepción‐Zavaleta, M. J., Fuentes‐Mendoza, J. M., Yovera, J. G. G., Ruvalcaba-Barbosa, G. Y., Cura-Rodríguez, L. D., González-Rodríguez, J. S., Urteaga, L. A. C., Pérez-Reyes, A. I., Aldave, J. E. Q., & Paz‐Ibarra, J. (2025) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v31.i37.111435 · Cited by 11
“…when NITs yield inconclusive results; (2) Suspicion of advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis with equivocal noninvasive assessment; (3) Evaluation of suspected coexisting liver diseases; and (4) When biopsy can impact management decisions, such as clinical trial inclusion or advanced therapies[28,39-41].”
InfluentialTang, X., Wu, R., Chen, J., Wang, F.-L., Zhao, S.-L., Lu, J. L., Qin, J., Zhuang, D., & Zhang, B. (2025) · Metabolism Open · doi:10.1016/j.metop.2025.100402 · Cited by 10
“MASH, part of the spectrum of MASLD, is driven by the accumulation of triglycerides in the liver, often coupled with other cardiometabolic disturbances [6,38].”
Paredes-Marin, A., He, Y., & Zhang, X. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17213491 · Cited by 10
“For carefully selected non-diabetic adults with biopsy-proven MASH, vitamin E can reduce steatosis and lobular inflammation, though antifibrotic effects remain inconsistent [10,17].”
Pan, L., Shen, M., Liu, Y., Huang, C., Lin, R., Qin, G., & Yu, Y. (2025) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-025-03034-7 · Cited by 10
“A total of 40,913 baseline participants were included in this study (median follow-up of 13.42 years [IQR 12.52– 14.22]; mean [SD] age 56.54 [8.25] years; 59.43% female), of whom 14,425 (35.26”
InfluentialChen, Y., Dong, B., Jin, X., Liu, C., Zheng, M., Liang, X., Sun, Y., Lee, H. W., Lin, H., Tsochatzis, E. A., et al. (2026) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2025-337506 · Cited by 10
Genetic Predisposition to MASLD: Potential for Therapeutic Management
Karapanagiotidi, F., Boutari, C., & Sinakos, E. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27041933 · Cited by 10
“Until the recent approval of the Thyroid hormone receptor beta (THR β ) agonist, Resme-tirom [33], and the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, Semaglutide [34], treatment of MASLD was limited to lifestyle modification and weight loss strategies [35].”
Kreutz, R. H., Canbay, A., Haluzı́k, M., Januszewicz, A., Mendive, J. M., Sarafidis, P. A., & Schattenberg, J. M. (2026) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2026.106902 · Cited by 14
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“Also in the 2023 guide, UDCA, Metformin, polyunsaturated fatty acids, Ezetimib and Silymarin were recommended but without strong evidence on the histology of the disease, they offer cytoprotection and intervention on immunity [101].”
BackgroundTsukanov, V. V., Осипенко, М. Ф., Beloborodova, E. V., Livzan, M. A., Борисович, Х. И., Alekseenko, S. A., Sivolap, Y. P., Tonkikh, Y. L., & Vasyutin, A. V. (2023) · Russian Journal of Gastroenterology Hepatology Coloproctology · doi:10.22416/1382-4376-2023-33-4-7-13 · Cited by 10
Kim, G., Park, Y., Oh, S. J., Jung, J., Han, S., Chang, H., Park, S. W., Kim, T. H., Park, H. W., Choe, J., et al. (2023) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/liv.15819 · Cited by 10
Stefańska, A., Bergmann, K., Suwała, S., Mańkowska‐Cyl, A., Koziński, M., Junik, R., Krintus, M., & Panteghini, M. (2024) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo14010052 · Cited by 10
“Similar assumptions are presented in algorithms proposed by the American Gastroenterology Association and the American Association for the Study of Liver Disease [32,33].”
MethodSteatotic Liver Disease and Sepsis Outcomes—A Prospective Cohort Study (SepsisFAT)
Krznarić, J., Papić, N., Vrsaljko, N., Gjurašin, B., Kutleša, M., & Vince, A. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13030798 · Cited by 11
“Excessive alcohol consumption was defined as an average intake exceeding >21 standard drinks per week for men or >14 standard drinks per week for women, based on US standards [21].”
BackgroundSterling, R. K., Gómez, E. V., Wilson, L., Loomba, R. S., Gawrieh, S., Price, J. C., Naggie, S., Lake, J. E., Heath, S. L., Tonascia, J., et al. (2024) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000002700 · Cited by 10
Self-citationFishman, J., O'Connell, T., Parrinello, C. M., Woolley, J. J., Bercaw, E., & Charlton, M. (2024) · Journal of health economics and outcomes research · doi:10.36469/jheor.2024.92223 · Cited by 10
Ткач, С. М., Pankiv, V. І., & Krushinska, Z. H. (2024) · INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (Ukraine) · doi:10.22141/2224-0721.20.1.2024.1353 · Cited by 10
Singh, J., Ibrahim, B., JACKSON, N. J., Khalil, H., Valenzuela, J., Yanny, B., & Saab, S. (2024) · Translational Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.21037/tgh-23-62 · Cited by 10
Noureddin, N., Huang, D. Q., Bettencourt, R., Siddiqi, H., Majzoub, A. M., Nayfeh, T., Tamaki, N., Izumi, N., Nakajima, A., Idılman, R., et al. (2024) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.17981 · Cited by 10
Self-citationKaewdech, A., Sripongpun, P., Treeprasertsuk, S., Charatcharoenwitthaya, P., Chan, W., Chamroonkul, N., Ng, C. H., Muthiah, M. D., Dan, Y. Y., & Kim, W. R. (2024) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2024.06.003 · Cited by 10
Enhanced Liver Fibrosis Score for Diagnosing Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Hepatitis
Tamaki, N., Takaura, K., Higuchi, M., Yasui, Y., Itakura, J., Tsuchiya, K., Nakanishi, H., Izumi, N., & Kurosaki, M. (2024) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics14131317 · Cited by 10
“…numerous studies, primarily in Western countries, and the ELF score is recommended as a screening modality for liver fibrosis in Western guidelines [21,22], while in Japan, there are few studies investigating the utility of ELF scores, more validation studies in the Japanese population are…”
BackgroundMetabolic-associated fatty liver disease and the role of hormones in its aetiopathogenesis
Suwała, S., & Junik, R. (2024) · Endokrynologia Polska · doi:10.5603/ep.99689 · Cited by 13
Righetti, R., Cinque, F., Volpe, M. T., & Sebastiani, G. (2024) · Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1080/17474124.2024.2385487 · Cited by 10
“Once a diagnosis has been established, guidelines emphasize the importance of a healthy diet and regular exercise as the foundation of MASLD treatment [9,10].”
InfluentialMetabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis exhibits sex differences in people with HIV
Kablawi, D., Milić, J., Thomas, T. W., Tadjo, T. F., Cinque, F., Elgretli, W., Gioè, C., Lebouché, B., Tsochatzis, E. A., Finkel, J., et al. (2024) · HIV Medicine · doi:10.1111/hiv.13697 · Cited by 10
“MASLD is the most frequent chronic liver disease globally, affecting 32% of the general adult population [3, 4].”
Detecting altered hepatic lipid oxidation by MRI in an animal model of MASLD
McLeod, M., Chang, M. C., Rushin, A., Ragavan, M., Mahar, R., Sharma, G. K., Badar, A., Giacalone, A., Glanz, M. E., Malut, V. R., et al. (2024) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101714 · Cited by 12
Abera, M. B., Suresh, S. B., Malireddi, A., Boddeti, S., Noor, K., Ansar, M., & Malasevskaia, I. A. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.72596 · Cited by 12
Lee, C., Lui, D. T. W., Mak, L., Fong, C. H.-Y., Chan, K. S., Mak, J. H., Cheung, C. Y. Y., Chow, W., Woo, Y. C., Yuen, M., et al. (2024) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.16049 · Cited by 10
“In patients with T2D, the updated diabetes guidelines recommend the use of pioglitazone and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1RA) for glycaemic control in those with co-existing MASH, 6 recognizing their additional benefits in resolving steatohepatitis and mitigating cardiovascular risks.”
InfluentialKim, J., Ito, T., Arai, T., Atsukawa, M., Kawanaka, M., Toyoda, H., Honda, T., Yu, M., Yoon, E. L., Jun, D. W., et al. (2024) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics14222500 · Cited by 10
Kontrick, A. V., Alinger, J. B., Goins, E. C., Mollo, A. F., Cruz, D. S., & McCarthy, D. M. (2024) · Academic Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1111/acem.15044 · Cited by 11
“15 Thus, the lack of this result being documented and discussed when first noted in the ED may have numerous downstream diagnosis and safety implications.”
Aguado, D. M., Sierra, J. M. C., Villalba, A., Siddiqi, H., VALLEJO-VIGO, R. M., Lara‐Romero, C., Martín-Fernández, M., Fernández-Patón, M., Alfaro‐Cervelló, C., Crespo, A., et al. (2024) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2024.10.014 · Cited by 10
Self-citationSong, B. G., Goh, M. J., Kang, W., Gwak, G., Paik, Y., Choi, M. S., Lee, J. H., & Sinn, D. H. (2024) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.18402 · Cited by 10
“In the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases guideline, secondary risk assessment using vibration-controlled transient elastography or enhanced liver fibrosis is recommended for individuals with FIB-4 ≥ 1.3 [34].”
InfluentialMouskeftara, T., Kalopitas, G., Liapikos, T., Arvanitakis, K., Theocharidou, E., Germanidis, G. S., & Gika, H. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms252313067 · Cited by 10
Lu, C., Zhang, Y., Miao, J., Wei, W., Wang, Y., Han, Y., Li, Y., Tong, Y., Wang, T., & Bao, X. (2024) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113936 · Cited by 10
Zhao, D., Zheng, X., Wang, L., Xie, Y., Chen, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2025) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/s12986-025-00903-6 · Cited by 12
Gbadamosi, S. O., Evans, K. A., Brady, B. L., & Hoovler, A. (2025) · Journal of Medical Economics · doi:10.1080/13696998.2025.2468582 · Cited by 10
Fan, X., Wang, Y., Wang, Y., Duan, H., Du, Y., Pan, T., & Zhong, X. (2025) · BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1186/s40360-025-00898-z · Cited by 10
“The management strategies primarily emphasize lifestyle modifications and managing metabolic comorbidities [5].”
Lee, Y. H., Lee, J., Jeong, J., Park, K., Baik, B., Kwon, Y., Kim, K., Khim, K. W., Ji, H., Lee, J. Y., et al. (2025) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2025.156266 · Cited by 13
Okuma, H. (2025) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.83712 · Cited by 11
“Moreover, their use is recommended in the guidelines for MASLD both in Japan and other countries [4,30].”
Alhomoud, I. S., Wheeler, S. E., & Dixon, D. L. (2025) · Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1139/cjpp-2025-0038 · Cited by 11
Wu, J., Yu, W., Huang, L., Hou, S., Huang, Y., Huang, Z., Dai, Z., Yin, J., & Nie, Z. (2025) · BMC Gastroenterology · doi:10.1186/s12876-025-03974-0 · Cited by 10
“, and minimal alcohol consumption (< 20 g/day for women and < 30 g/day for men) [14].”
Wegermann, K., Chouairi, F. K., Karachaliou, G. S., Ahlers, C. G., Au, S., Miller, K., Biering‐Sørensen, T., Abdelmalek, M. F., Diehl, A. M., Moylan, C. A., et al. (2025) · European Journal of Heart Failure · doi:10.1002/ejhf.3697 · Cited by 10
Self-citationXu, B., Liu, X., Pi, Y., & Li, K. (2025) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2025.1568211 · Cited by 11
Tesfai, K., Díaz, L. A., Arab, J. P., Arrese, M. A., Idalsoaga, F. J., Ayares, G., Agrawal, S., Barreyro, F. J., Gadano, A. C., Marciano, S., et al. (2025) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.70433 · Cited by 10
“…have concluded that further clarification is needed to explain the role of transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) in lean MASLD [11] Practice guidelines acknowledge the important role of genetic variants in lean MASLD but recommend against genetic testing given the paucity of data [15].”
Self-citationMantovani, A., Csermely, A., Castagna, A., Antinori, E., Danese, E., Zusi, C., Sani, E., Ravaioli, F., Colecchia, A., Maffeis, C., et al. (2023) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/liv.15649 · Cited by 11
“1,2,34 The 2023 American Diabetes Association guidelines recommended that people with T2DM who have either elevated serum liver enzymes or hepatic steatosis on imaging should be evaluated for presence of liver fibrosis, using both blood-based fibrosis biomarkers and transient elastography.”
Banerjee, G., Papri, S. R., Satapathy, S. K., & Banerjee, P. (2023) · Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology · doi:10.2174/1389201025666230915103052 · Cited by 10
Palmer, V., Cornier, M., Waring, A. A., & Valdebran, M. (2023) · International Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/ijd.16873 · Cited by 10
“48 (cid:129) Refer to nutritionist to determine ideal macronutrient and micronutrient intake.”
BackgroundNagai, K., Nagai, K., Iwaki, M., Kobayashi, T., Nogami, A., Oka, M., Saito, S., & Yoneda, M. (2023) · Life · doi:10.3390/life13112144 · Cited by 10
“…the FIB-4 index every Life 2023 , 13 , 2144 6 of 13 1–2 years if diabetes or two or more metabolic factors are present, and every 2–3 years if not [11]. specialized The NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) uses six variables: age, presence of hyperglycemia, body mass index (BMI), platelet count, albumin,…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialEeda, V., Patil, N. Y., Joshi, A. D., & Awasthi, V. (2023) · Hepatology Research · doi:10.1111/hepr.14008 · Cited by 13
“47 Pioglitazone improves steatosis activity and insulin sensitivity, although its role in the resolution of hepatic fibrosis is unclear.”
BackgroundChristidis, G., Küppers, F., Karataylı, S. C., Karataylı, E., Weber, S. N., Lammert, F., & Krawczyk, M. J. (2024) · BMC Endocrine Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12902-024-01558-9 · Cited by 10
“In total, 39% of recruited individuals showed CAP values greater than 288 dB/m, which is suggestive of fatty liver [32].”
BackgroundSleep factors were associated with a higher risk of MAFLD and significant fibrosis
Li, Y., & Tan, S. (2024) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-024-03017-0 · Cited by 10
Li, M., Lin, Y. L., Yu, H., Lin, W., Chen, J., Yang, Y., & Wu, B. (2024) · Annals of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.aohep.2024.101516 · Cited by 11
Kim, N. J., Vutien, P., Borgerding, J. A., Beste, L. A., Li, M., Giustini, A. B., Johnson, K. M., & Ioannou, G. N. (2024) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000003161 · Cited by 10
Lauschke, V. M. (2023) · HepatoBiliary Surgery and Nutrition · doi:10.21037/hbsn-23-376 · Cited by 10
寺坂, 喜., Takahashi, K., Amano, K., Fujisaki, K., Kita, S., Kato, K., Nakayama, K., Yamashita, Y. T., Nakamura, S., & Anzai, K. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15143248 · Cited by 11
“inhibitors ameliorate pathological findings of NAFLD [19].”
Nam, H., Lim, J., Kim, T., Kim, E. S., Oum, S.-J., Bae, S. H., & Park, C. (2023) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox12122040 · Cited by 9
“Although effective treatments have been established for other components of the metabolic syndrome, including diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and even obesity, there is a notable absence of specific pharmaceutical interventions for NAFLD at present [28].”
BackgroundDynamic changes in the mouse hepatic lipidome following warm ischemia reperfusion injury
Liss, K. H. H., Mousa, M. G., Bucha, S., Lutkewitte, A. J., Allegood, J. C., Cowart, L. A., & Finck, B. N. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-54122-9 · Cited by 9
Noninvasive Methods for Assessing Liver Fibrosis and Steatosis.
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Preechathammawong, N., Charoenpitakchai, M., Wongsason, N., Karuehardsuwan, J., Prasoppokakorn, T., Pitisuttithum, P., Sanpavat, A., Yongsiriwit, K., Aribarg, T., Chaisiriprasert, P., et al. (2024) · The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.1002/kjm2.12850 · Cited by 9
The clinical and economic burdens of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis
Charlton, M., Tonnu-Mihara, I. Q., Teng, C., Zhou, Z., Asefaha, F., Luthra, R., Hoovler, A., & Uzoigwe, C. (2024) · Journal of Medical Economics · doi:10.1080/13696998.2024.2374642 · Cited by 9
Willis, S. A., Malaikah, S., Bawden, S. J., Sherry, A. P., Sargeant, J. A., Coull, N. A., Bradley, C. R., Rowlands, A., Naim, I., Ennequin, G., et al. (2024) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.15755 · Cited by 9
“16 These guidelines are based on evidence that exercise training, independent of weight loss, can decrease hepatic lipids as well as providing other cardiometabolic benefits 17,18 ; however, the effects of exercise on hepatic lipid composition are less clear.”
Heavy metals are liver fibrosis risk factors in people without traditional liver disease etiologies
Ma, N., Bansal, M. B., Chu, J., Woodward, M., & Branch, A. D. (2024) · Journal of Environmental Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jes.2024.08.027 · Cited by 9
Yamaguchi, R., Oda, T., & Nagashima, K. (2024) · Abdominal Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00261-024-04546-8 · Cited by 11
“However, from the AASLD guidance [8], screening ‘at risk’ NASH is conducted only in hepatology care, not at a primary care level.”
InfluentialChen, J., Rao, H., & Zheng, X. (2024) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2024.1464865 · Cited by 10
Maiorana, F., Neschuk, M., Caronia, M. V., Elizondo, K., Robledo, M. L., Schneider, A., Veron, G., Zapata, P. D., & Barreyro, F. J. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0310361 · Cited by 9
Metadata
- Authors
- Rinella, M. E., Neuschwander-Tetri, B. A., Siddiqui, M. S., Abdelmalek, M. F., Caldwell, S., Barb, D., Kleiner, D. E., & Loomba, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Chicago (US)
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- University of Virginia (US)
- University of Florida Health (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rinella, Mary E.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Hepatology
- Published
- 2023-03-17
- Volume
- 77
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1797-1835
- ISSN
- 0270-9139 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10735173
- OpenAlex
- W4318923555
- Cited by
- 2,667
- References
- 502
- Citations by year
- 2026: 849 · 2025: 845 · 2024: 691 · 2023: 281
- FWCI
- 532.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Hepatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Bristol-Myers Squibb
- American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals
- Novo Nordisk
- National Institutes of Health
- Allergan
- National Cancer Institute (ZICBC010685)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Diseases and Immunity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Disease and Transplantation
- Keywords
- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, non-invasive risk stratification, non-invasive tests, fibrosis staging, liver cirrhosis
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Liver, Liver Cirrhosis, Disease Progression, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
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