Guidelines for Limiting Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields (100 kHz to 300 GHz)
Open accessAbstract
Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) are used to enable a number of modern devices, including mobile telecommunications infrastructure and phones, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth. As radiofrequency EMFs at sufficiently high power levels can adversely affect health, ICNIRP published Guidelines in 1998 for human exposure to time-varying EMFs up to 300 GHz, which included the radiofrequency EMF spectrum. Since that time, there has been a considerable body of science further addressing the relation between radiofrequency EMFs and adverse health outcomes, as well as significant developments in the technologies that use radiofrequency EMFs. Accordingly, ICNIRP has updated the radiofrequency EMF part of the 1998 Guidelines. This document presents these revised Guidelines, which provide protection for humans from exposure to EMFs from 100 kHz to 300 GHz.
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In the frequency range above 6 GHz and up to 300 GHz, the ICNIRP guidelines prevent excessive heating at the surface of the skin and in the eye.
“In the frequency range above 6 GHz and up to 300 GHz the ICNIRP guidelines prevent excessive heating at the surface of the skin and in the eye.”
From 5G mobile networks and health—a state-of-the-science review of the research into low-level RF fields above 6 GHz (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
Public exposure to RF fields from 5G and other sources is below the human exposure limits specified by ICNIRP.
“Public exposure to RF fields from 5 G and other sources is below the human exposure limits specified by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP).”
From 5G mobile networks and health—a state-of-the-science review of the research into low-level RF fields above 6 GHz (2021) · cites this paper as ICNIRP (2020)
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- Authors
- International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection
- Affiliations
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection (DE)
- Corresponding author
- International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection
- Venue
- Health Physics
- Published
- 2020-05
- Volume
- 118
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 483-524
- ISSN
- 0017-9078 (ISSN-L)
- 1538-5159
- OpenAlex
- W4205556338
- Cited by
- 2,081
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 319 · 2025: 364 · 2024: 370 · 2023: 322 · 2022: 326 · 2021: 277 · 2020: 103
- FWCI
- 122.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Health Physics (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- edoc (University of Basel) (acceptedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute
- Cancer Research UK
- University of Wollongong
- Karolinska Institutet
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Electromagnetic Fields and Biological Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Ocular and Laser Science Research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electromagnetic Compatibility and Measurements
- Keywords
- radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, human exposure limits, ICNIRP guidelines, health effects of electromagnetic fields, mobile communication, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth
- MeSH terms
- Electromagnetic Fields, Humans, Radiation Dosage, Radiation Injuries, Radiation Protection, Radiation, Nonionizing, Guidelines as Topic
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