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Cited by 114Ocular Surface and Contact LensFatty Acid Research and HealthRetinal Diseases and Treatments

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Effect of Oral Re-esterified Omega-3 Nutritional Supplementation on Dry Eyes

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Epitropoulos, Alice T., Donnenfeld, Eric D., Shah, Zubin A., Holland, Edward J., Gross, Michael, Faulkner, William J., Matossian, Cynthia, Lane, Stephen S., Toyos, Melissa, Bucci, Frank A., Perry, Henry D.·2016·Cornea
DOI 10.1097/ico.0000000000000940PMC PMC4975557
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Abstract

PURPOSE: To assess the effect of oral re-esterified omega-3 fatty acids on tear osmolarity, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), tear break-up time (TBUT), Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), fluorescein corneal staining, Schirmer score, meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) stage and omega-3 index in subjects with dry eyes and confirmed MGD. METHODS: This was a multicenter, prospective, interventional, placebo-controlled, double-masked study. Subjects were randomized to receive 4 softgels containing a total of 1680 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid/560 mg of docosahexaenoic acid or a control of 3136 mg of linoleic acid, daily for 12 weeks. Subjects were measured at baseline, week 6, and week 12 for tear osmolarity, TBUT, OSDI, fluorescein corneal staining, and Schirmer test with anesthesia. MMP-9 testing and omega-3 index were done at baseline and at 12 weeks. RESULTS: One hundred five subjects completed the study. They were randomized to omega-3 (n = 54) and control group (n = 51). Statistically significant reduction in tear osmolarity was observed in the omega-3 group versus control group at week 6 (-16.8 ± 2.6 vs. -9.0 ± 2.7 mOsm/L, P = 0.042) and week 12 (-19.4 ± 2.7 vs. -8.3 ± 2.8 mOsm/L, P = 0.004). At 12 weeks, a statistically significant increase in omega-3 index levels (P < 0.001) and TBUT (3.5 ± 0.5 s vs. 1.2 ± 0.5 s, P = 0.002) was also observed. Omega-3 group experienced a significant reduction in MMP-9 positivity versus control group (67.9% vs. 35.0%, P = 0.024) and OSDI scores decreased significantly in omega-3 (-17.0 ± 2.6) versus control group (-5.0 ± 2.7, P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Oral consumption of re-esterified omega-3 fatty acids is associated with statistically significant improvement in tear osmolarity, omega-3 index levels, TBUT, MMP-9, and OSDI symptom scores.

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Metadata

Authors
Epitropoulos, A. T., Donnenfeld, E. D., Shah, Z. A., Holland, E. J., Gross, M., Faulkner, W. J., Matossian, C., Lane, S. S., Toyos, M., Bucci, F. A., & Perry, H. D.
Affiliations
The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author
Epitropoulos, Alice T.
ORCID
Venue
Cornea
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2016-09
Volume
35
Issue
9
Pages
1185-1191
ISSN
0277-3740 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1097/ico.0000000000000940
PMC
PMC4975557
OpenAlex
W2493099616
Cited by
114
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 1
FWCI
12.80
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by-nc-nd
Locations
  • Cornea (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Ocular Surface and Contact Lens
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
Keywords
dry eye, meibomian gland dysfunction, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, omega-3 index, tear osmolarity, tear film break-up time, MMP-9, Ocular Surface Disease Index, linoleic acid, omega-3 supplementation, ocular surface
MeSH terms
Administration, Oral, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Double-Blind Method, Eyelid Diseases, Female, Humans, Male, Meibomian Glands, Middle Aged, Osmolar Concentration, Prospective Studies, Tears, Dry Eye Syndromes, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Dietary Supplements, Matrix Metalloproteinase 9, Young Adult

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