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A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Oral Matricaria recutita (Chamomile) Extract Therapy for Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled efficacy and tolerability trial of Matricaria recutita (chamomile) extract therapy in patients with mild to moderate generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). We hypothesized that chamomile would be superior to placebo in reducing GAD symptoms with a comparable tolerability profile. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-one outpatients with mild to moderate GAD were enrolled, and 57 were randomized to either double-blind chamomile extract (n = 28) or placebo therapy (n = 29) for 8 weeks. The study was powered to detect a statistically significant and clinically meaningful group difference in change over time in total Hamilton Anxiety Rating (HAM-A) scores. Secondary outcomes included change in the Beck Anxiety Inventory, Psychological Well Being, and Clinical Global Impression Severity scores and the proportion of patients with 50% reduction or more in baseline HAM-A score. RESULTS: We observed a significantly greater reduction in mean total HAM-A score during chamomile versus placebo therapy (P = 0.047). Although the study was not powered to identify small to moderate differences in secondary outcomes, we observed a positive change in all secondary outcomes in the same direction as the primary outcome measure. One patient in each treatment group discontinued therapy for adverse events. The proportion of patients experiencing 0, 1, 2, or 3 adverse events or more was not significantly different between groups (P = 0.417). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first controlled clinical trial of chamomile extract for GAD. The results suggest that chamomile may have modest anxiolytic activity in patients with mild to moderate GAD. Future studies are needed to replicate these observations.
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“It was found that chamomile was safe and efficacious in reducing anxiety symptoms in moderate GAD cases, but did not affect the rate of relapse.”
From Novel pharmacological targets in drug development for the treatment of anxiety and anxiety-related disorders (2019) · cites this paper as Amsterdam et al., 2009
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Metadata
- Authors
- Amsterdam, J. D., Li, Y., Soeller, I., Rockwell, K., Mao, J. J., & Shults, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Amsterdam, Jay D.
- Soeller, Irene
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology
- Published
- 2009-08
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 378-382
- ISSN
- 0271-0749 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3600416
- OpenAlex
- W2091881469
- Cited by
- 218
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 20.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH063818, R34MH070753, R01MH060713, R01MH060998, R01MH060353)
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA096885)
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (R21AT001916, R21AT002289, AT001916)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Medicinal Plant Extracts Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- chamomile, chamomile extract, generalized anxiety disorder, anxiolytic effects, herbal medicine, tolerability, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory, psychological well-being
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Oral, Adult, Aged, Anxiety Disorders, Capsules, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Plant Extracts, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Severity of Illness Index, Time Factors, Anti-Anxiety Agents, Treatment Outcome, Chamomile
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