Cited by 197Mental Health Treatment and AccessHealth disparities and outcomesCultural Competency in Health Care

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Racial and ethnic disparities in detection and treatment of depression and anxiety among psychiatric and primary health care visits, 1995-2005

Open access

Stockdale, Susan E., Lagomasino, Isabel T., Siddique, Juned, McGuire, Thomas, Miranda, Jeanne·2008·Medical Care

DOI 10.1097/mlr.0b013e3181789496PMC PMC3956700

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

CONTEXT: Recent evidence questions whether formerly documented disparities in care for common mental disorders among African Americans and Hispanics still remain. Also, whether disparities exist mainly in psychiatric settings or primary health care settings is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To comprehensively examine time trends in outpatient diagnosis and treatment of depression and anxiety among ethnic groups in primary care and psychiatric settings. DESIGN AND SETTING: Analyses of office-based outpatient visits from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Study from 1995-2005 (n = 96,075). PARTICIPANTS: Visits to office-based primary care physicians and psychiatrists in the United States. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Diagnosed with depression or anxiety, received counseling or a referral for counseling, received an antidepressant prescription, and any counseling or antidepressant care. RESULTS: In these analyses of 10-year trends in treatment of common mental disorders, disparities in counseling/referrals for counseling, antidepressant medications, and any care vastly improved or were eliminated over time in psychiatric visits. Continued disparities in diagnoses, counseling/referrals for counseling, antidepressant medication, and any care are found in primary care visits. CONCLUSIONS: Disparities in care for depression and anxiety among African Americans and Hispanics remain in primary care. Quality improvement efforts are needed to address cultural and linguistic barriers to care.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1097/mlr.0b013e3181789496

Cites

37 of 37 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: Development and validation
Charlson, M. E., Pompei, P., Ales, K. L., & MacKenzie, C. R. (1987) · Journal of Chronic Diseases · doi:10.1016/0021-9681(87)90171-8 · Cited by 49,742
Adapting a clinical comorbidity index for use with ICD-9-CM administrative databases
DEYO, R. (1992) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(92)90133-8 · Cited by 10,452
The Epidemiology of Major Depressive Disorder: Results From the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R)
Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Koretz, D., Merikangas, K. R., Rush, A. J., Walters, E. E., & Wang, P. S. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.23.3095 · Cited by 7,988
Twelve-Month Use of Mental Health Services in the United States: Results From the National Comorbidity Survey Replication
Wang, P. S., Lane, M., Olfson, M., Pincus, H. A., Wells, K. B., & Kessler, R. C. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.629 · Cited by 2,695
Mental Health: Culture, Race, and Ethnicity—A Supplement to Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General
Satcher, D. S. (2001) · University Libraries (University of Maryland) · doi:10.13016/jela-ckxw · Cited by 2,016
Prevalence and Treatment of Mental Disorders, 1990 to 2003
Kessler, R. C., Demler, O., Frank, R. G., Olfson, M., Pincus, H. A., Walters, E. E., Wang, P., Wells, K. B., & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmsa043266 · Cited by 1,910
PRACTICE GUIDELINE FOR THE Treatment of Patients With Major Depressive Disorder
Gelenberg, A. J., Freeman, P. B., Markowitz, J. C., Rosenbaum, J. F., Thase, M. E., Trivedi, M. H., & Rhoads, R. S. (2010) · Cited by 1,372
The quality of care for depressive and anxiety disorders in the United States
Young, A. S., Klap, R., Sherbourne, C. D., & Wells, K. B. (2001) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.58.1.55 · Cited by 1,061
Disparities in Health Care by Race, Ethnicity, and Language Among the Insured
Fiscella, K. A., Franks, P. J., Doescher, M. P., & Saver, B. G. (2002) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-200201000-00007 · Cited by 917 · cited 1×
“The IOM definition contrasts with measures of disparity based on unadjusted differences between groups,(16) or measures based on adjustment for socioeconomic variables such as income.(17) The IOM approach regards socioeconomic factors such as income or insurance as potential mediators of disparities in health care.”
Method
Predictive Margins with Survey Data
Graubard, B. I., & Korn, E. L. (1999) · Biometrics · doi:10.1111/j.0006-341x.1999.00652.x · Cited by 875 · cited 2×
“predictive marginals).(30) We used the estimated regression parameters and each individual’s observed values for all covariates other than time and race/ethnicity to calculate the predicted outcome assuming the individual had been in a given race/ethnicity and time group.”
Method

Show all 37 references

Research works printed but not linked: 1

Tenney, 1974, National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: Background and Methodology., Vital and health statistics, 2

Sorted by citations

Items 101–196 of 196

ASHA: Using Participatory Methods to Develop an Asset-building Mental Health Intervention for Bangladeshi Immigrant Women
Karasz, A., Raghavan, S. S., Patel, V. V., Zaman, M., Akhter, L., & Kabita, M. (2015) · Progress in community health partnerships · doi:10.1353/cpr.2015.0080 · Cited by 18
The Psychiatric Rehabilitation of African Americans With Severe Mental Illness
Whitley, R., & Lawson, W. B. (2010) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.2010.61.5.508 · Cited by 17
Disparities in Treatment and Service Utilization Among Hispanics and Non-Hispanic Whites with Bipolar Disorder
Salcedo, S., McMaster, K. J., & Johnson, S. L. (2016) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-016-0236-x · Cited by 17
Mental Health Equity in the Twenty-First Century
Alves-Bradford, J.-M. E., Trinh, N., Bath, E. P. J., Coombs, A. A., & Mangurian, C. V. (2020) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2020.05.001 · Cited by 17
Race and the clinical diagnosis of depression in new primary care patients
Lukachko, A. M., & Olfson, M. (2011) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2011.09.008 · Cited by 17
Disparities in pharmacists’ patient education for Hispanics using antidepressants
Young, H. N., Dilworth, T. J., & Mott, D. A. (2011) · Journal of the American Pharmacists Association · doi:10.1331/japha.2011.09136 · Cited by 17
A cluster randomized trial of standard quality improvement versus patient-centered interventions to enhance depression care for African Americans in the primary care setting: study protocol NCT00243425
Cooper, L. A., Ford, D. E., Ghods, B. K., ROTER, D. L., Primm, A. B., Larson, S. M., Gill, J. M., Noronha, G. J., Shaya, E. K., & Wang, N. (2010) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/1748-5908-5-18 · Cited by 16
“African Americans are more likely to seek mental health care in primary care settings [6], where disparities in diagnosis [4, 7] and appropriate pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy referrals persist [3, 4, 8, 9].”
Medical Assistant Protocol Improves Disparities in Depression Screening Rates
Gorman, D. C., Ham, S. A., Staab, E. M., Vinci, L. M., & Laiteerapong, N. (2021) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2021.05.010 · Cited by 21
Maternal Depressive Symptomatology, Social Support, and Language Development of Bilingual Preschoolers From Low-Income Households
Cycyk, L. M., Bitetti, D., & Hammer, C. S. (2015) · American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1044/2015_ajslp-14-0038 · Cited by 15
Does Depression Screening Have an Effect on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Mood Disorders in General Medical Settings? An Instrumental Variable Analysis of the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey
Mojtabai, R. (2011) · Medical Care Research and Review · doi:10.1177/1077558710388290 · Cited by 16
Economic Inequalities in the Effectiveness of a Primary Care Intervention for Depression and Suicidal Ideation
Gilman, S. E., Fitzmaurice, G. M., BRUCE, M. L., Have, T. T., Glymour, M. M., Carliner, H., Alexopoulos, G. S., Mulsant, B. H., Reynolds, C. F., & Cohen, A. (2012) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0b013e3182762403 · Cited by 16
Depression Screening and Education: Options to Reduce Barriers to Treatment (DESEO): protocol for an educational intervention study
Sanchez, K., Eghaneyan, B. H., & Trivedi, M. H. (2016) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-016-1575-3 · Cited by 16
“likely to be even more pronounced at the community level for Hispanics [18–21].”
Background
Acculturation Differences in Communicating Information About Child Mental Health Between Latino Parents and Primary Care Providers
Cook, B. L., Brown, J. D., Loder, S., & Wissow, L. (2014) · Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health · doi:10.1007/s10903-014-0010-2 · Cited by 15
Public Health Perspectives on Depressive Disorders
Cohen, N. L. (2017) · Johns Hopkins University Press eBooks · doi:10.1353/book.52762 · Cited by 15
Patterns and predictors of self‐reported clinical diagnosis and treatment for depression in prostate cancer survivors
Erim, D., Bensen, J. T., Mohler, J. L., Fontham, E. T. H., Song, L., Farnan, L., Delacroix, S. E., Peters, E. S., Erim, T. N., Chen, R. C., et al. (2019) · Cancer Medicine · doi:10.1002/cam4.2239 · Cited by 15
Expanding the scope, reach, and impact of evidence-based psychological treatments
Kazdin, A. E. (2022) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101744 · Cited by 14
Illness Conceptualizations Among Older Rural Mexican-Americans with Anxiety and Depression
Letamendi, A. M., Ayers, C. R., Ruberg, J. L., Singley, D. B., Wilson, J., Chavira, D. A., Palinkas, L. A., & Wetherell, J. L. (2013) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology · doi:10.1007/s10823-013-9211-8 · Cited by 15
“2009), they are largely underserved in both mental health and primary care settings (Alegria et al. 2008; Stockdale et al. 2008; Wells et al. 2001; Borowsky et al. 2000).”
Racial and ethnic differences in the association between depressive symptoms and cognitive outcomes in older adults: Findings from KHANDLE and STAR
Jimenez, M. P., Gause, E. L., Sims, K. D., Hayes‐Larson, E., Morris, E. P., Fletcher, E. M., Manly, J. J., Gilsanz, P., Soh, Y., Corrada, M. M., et al. (2024) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.13768 · Cited by 14
“12,13 Minority stress theory (MST) asserts that exposure to racial dis-criminationandacculturativestressconstitutesahostilepsychological environment leading to negative health consequences.”
Background
Informed and patient-centered decision-making in the primary care visits of African Americans with depression
Hines, A. L., ROTER, D. L., Ghods, B. K., Carson, K. A., Daumit, G. L., & Cooper, L. A. (2017) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2017.07.027 · Cited by 13
“[2] Under-recognition[3] and suboptimal treatment of depression are common among African Americans,[4] including in primary care settings, where most individuals with depression seek help.”
Background
Disparities in outcomes after spine surgery: a Michigan Spine Surgery Improvement Collaborative study
Macki, M., Hamilton, T., Lim, S., Telemi, E., Bazydlo, M. S., Nerenz, D. R., Zakaria, H. M., Schultz, L. R., Khalil, J. G., Perez-Cruet, M., et al. (2021) · Journal of Neurosurgery Spine · doi:10.3171/2020.10.spine20914 · Cited by 13
Incidences of anxiety disorders among active duty service members between 1999 and 2018
Russell, P. D., Judkins, J. L., Blessing, A., Moore, B. A., & Morissette, S. B. (2022) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2022.102608 · Cited by 12
Mental Health Resource Utilization and Health Care Costs Associated With Race and Comorbid Anxiety Among Medicaid Enrollees with Major Depressive Disorder
Wu, C., Erickson, S. R., Piette, J. D., & Balkrishnan, R. (2012) · Journal of the National Medical Association · doi:10.1016/s0027-9684(15)30121-8 · Cited by 12
Tailoring a Digital Mental Health Program for Patients With Sickle Cell Disease: Qualitative Study
Nikolajski, C., O’Brien, J. A., Nardo, E., Szigethy, E., & Jonassaint, C. R. (2023) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/44216 · Cited by 10
“Depression and other mental health disorders are even more common in African American individuals living with chronic health conditions [3,4].”
Background
COVID-19 and Adolescent Outpatient Mental Health Service Utilization
Burrell, T. D., Sheu, Y.-S., Kim, S., Mohadikar, K. N., Ortiz, N., Jonas, C., & Horberg, M. A. (2023) · Academic Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.acap.2023.05.016 · Cited by 10
Depression and Undertreatment of Depression: Potential Risks and Outcomes in Black Patients with Lung Cancer
Traeger, L. N., Cannon, S., Pirl, W. F., & Park, E. R. (2013) · Journal of Psychosocial Oncology · doi:10.1080/07347332.2012.761320 · Cited by 10
Depression Treatment Status of Economically Disadvantaged African American Older Adults
Cobb, S., Bazargan, M., Sandoval, J. C., Wisseh, C., Evans, M. C., & Assari, S. (2020) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci10030154 · Cited by 11
“Disparities also exist in regard to non-pharmacological treatment modalities for older AAs as they are less likely to receive counseling, referrals for counseling, or supportive care during primary care visits [17].”
Background
Population-Level Portal-Based Anxiety and Depression Screening Perspectives in HIV Care Clinicians: Qualitative Study Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research
Zimmer, D., Staab, E. M., Ridgway, J. P., Schmitt, J., Franco, M. I., Hunter, S. J., Motley, D., & Laiteerapong, N. (2023) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/48935 · Cited by 9
“However, competing demands and priorities during appointments, a lack of staff to complete assessments, and a shortage of resources to offer patients after diagnosis discourage clinicians from screening and treating depression [1,3,6,7,9,15,16].”
BackgroundInfluential
Billie Eilish and the Feminist Aesthetics of Depression: White Femininity, Generation Z, and Whisper Singing
Holmes, J. A. (2023) · Journal of the American Musicological Society · doi:10.1525/jams.2023.76.3.785 · Cited by 12
Connecting Mentally Ill Detainees in Large Urban Jails with Community Care
Sayers, S. K., Domino, M. E., Cuddeback, G. S., Barrett, N. J., & MORRISSEY, J. P. (2016) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-016-9449-8 · Cited by 9
Alcohol-Related Problems Among Black Adults: the Role of False Safety Behaviors
Buckner, J. D., Zvolensky, M. J., & Scherzer, C. R. (2022) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-022-01286-7 · Cited by 9
Predictors of Depression Screening Rates of Nurses Receiving a Personal Digital Assistant-based Reminder to Screen
Schnall, R., Currie, L. M., Jia, H., John, R. M., Lee, N., Vélez, O., & Henry, S. B. (2010) · Journal of Urban Health · doi:10.1007/s11524-010-9464-2 · Cited by 9
Are There Racial Disparities in Psychotropic Drug Use and Expenditures in a Nationally Representative Sample of Men in the United States? Evidence From the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey
Pierre, G., Thorpe, R. J., Dinwiddie, G. Y., & Gaskin, D. J. (2013) · American Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.1177/1557988313496564 · Cited by 9
Pharmacologic Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders and Time With Unsuppressed HIV Viral Load in a Clinical HIV Cohort
Levy, M. E., Monroe, A. K., Horberg, M. A., Benator, D., Molock, S. D., Doshi, R. K., Happ, L. P., & Castel, A. D. (2019) · JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes · doi:10.1097/qai.0000000000002138 · Cited by 8
Trauma-informed Collaborative Care for African American Primary Care Patients in Federally Qualified Health Centers
Meredith, L. S., Wong, E., Osilla, K. C., Sanders, M., Tebeka, M. G., Han, B., Williamson, S. L., & Carton, T. W. (2021) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/mlr.0000000000001681 · Cited by 10
Unmet need for mental health services utilization among under-resourced Black and Latinx adults.
Loeb, T. B., Viducich, I. M., Smith-Clapham, A. M., Adkins‐Jackson, P. B., Zhang, M., Cooley-Strickland, M., Davis, T., Pemberton, J. V., & Wyatt, G. E. (2022) · Families Systems & Health · doi:10.1037/fsh0000750 · Cited by 11
From Shame to Dignity: Elderly Women, Depression, and the Feminine Self
Apesoa‐Varano, E. C. (2018) · Sociological Perspectives · doi:10.1177/0731121417753372 · Cited by 8
Clinical versus patient-reported measures of depression in bariatric surgery
Srivatsan, S., Guduguntla, V., Young, K. Z., Arastu, A., Strong, C. R., Cassidy, R. B., & Ghaferi, A. A. (2018) · Surgical Endoscopy · doi:10.1007/s00464-018-6101-8 · Cited by 8
Suitability of the National Health Care Surveys to Examine Behavioral Health Services Associated with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Sanchez, N. (2016) · The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research · doi:10.1007/s11414-016-9543-6 · Cited by 7
“and disparities in diagnosis and treatment of anxiety and depression among African American and Hispanic adult patients in primary care visits persist.(83) Furthermore, research conducted by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Health Resources and Services Administration, and Centers for Med…”
Background
Racial/ethnic differences in the treatment of adolescent major depressive disorders (MDD) across healthcare providers participating in the medicaid program
Yücel, A., Essien, E. J., Sanyal, S., Mgbere, O. O., Aparasu, R. R., Bhatara, V. S., Alonzo, J. P., & Chen, H. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.045 · Cited by 7
Interactions between neuroticism and stressful life events predict response to pharmacotherapy for major depression: A CAN‐BIND 1 report
Allen, T. A., Harkness, K. L., Lam, R. W. M., Milev, R. V., Frey, B. N., Müller, D. J., Uher, R., Kennedy, S. H., & Quilty, L. C. (2021) · Personality and Mental Health · doi:10.1002/pmh.1514 · Cited by 6
Assessing provider and racial/ethnic variation in response to the FDA antidepressant box warning
Cook, B. L., Wang, Y., Sonik, R. A., Busch, S. H., Carson, N. J., Progovac, A. M., & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2019) · Health Services Research · doi:10.1111/1475-6773.13104 · Cited by 6
Quality of Health Care for Asian Americans
Sorkin, D. H., Ngai, H., & Ngo‐Metzger, Q. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-2227-3_23 · Cited by 6
Demographic Disparities in Diagnosis and Treatment of Anxiety and Depressive Disorders in Head and Neck Cancer Survivors
Gallagher, T. J., Chung, R. S., Khachikyan, N., Lin, M. E., & Kokot, N. (2025) · Head & Neck · doi:10.1002/hed.28103 · Cited by 5
“While data have shown that minority groups were less likely to receive therapy for anxiety and depression than White patients in primary care and psychiatric settings [6, 7], our study is the first to our knowledge to suggest this disparity among HNC patients.”
Disparities in Mental Health and Well-Being Among Black and Latinx Patients With Kidney Disease
Eneanya, N. D., Tiako, M. J. N., Novick, T. K., Norton, J. M., & Cervantes, L. (2021) · Seminars in Nephrology · doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2021.10.008 · Cited by 5
Health Status After Job Loss: Does the Reason for Job Change Matter?
Voss, M., & Chen, J. (2015) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000000558 · Cited by 6
Impact of comorbid mental health needs on racial/ethnic disparities in general medical care utilization among older adults
Jimenez, D. E., Schmidt, A. C., Kim, G., & Cook, B. L. (2016) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.4546 · Cited by 5
“, differential treatment of low-income individuals) are included in the disparity calculation (McGuire et al., 2006; Stockdale et al., 2008; Alegría et al., 2008).”
Background
Sociodemographic Influences of Emergency Department Care for Anxiety Disorders
Dark, T., Rust, G. S., Flynn, H. A., Kinsell, H. S., & Harman, J. S. (2018) · The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research · doi:10.1007/s11414-018-9598-7 · Cited by 5
Perceptions of peer mental health: impact of race and student-athlete status
Tran, A. G. T. T., Eustice, K., Mintert, J. S., Lam, C. K., & Holzapfel, J. (2021) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2021.1903477 · Cited by 7
“These presumptions are problematic because, as a result, the need for referral to further mental healthcare may be missed for Black individuals.(22)”
Background
Do Latino and Non-Latino White Medicaid-Enrolled Adults Differ in Utilization of Evidence-Based Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder?
Becker, M. A., Martinez‐Tyson, D., DiGennaro, J., & Ochshorn, E. (2011) · Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health · doi:10.1007/s10903-011-9508-z · Cited by 5
The effect of an adapted digital mental health intervention for sickle cell disease on engagement: a pilot randomized controlled trial
Nardo, E., Parchuri, E., O’Brien, J. A., Crosby, L. E., Porter, J. S., Palermo, T. M., Nikolajski, C., Treadwell, M. J., Hillery, C. A., Szigethy, E., et al. (2023) · BMC Digital Health · doi:10.1186/s44247-023-00051-y · Cited by 8
“African Americans living with chronic medical conditions are at high risk for depression and other mental health disorders yet are less likely to be diagnosed or receive treatment than their white counterparts (1, 2).”
Background
Engagement in linkage to mental health care program in the Rockaways after Hurricane Sandy
Bevilacqua, K., Schneider, S., Rasul, R., Taioli, E., & Schwartz, R. M. (2018) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.22150 · Cited by 4
Cultural Considerations When Treating Anxiety Disorders with Mindfulness-Based Interventions
Hazlett‐Stevens, H. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-32229-8_20 · Cited by 4
The Effect of an Adapted Digital Mental Health Intervention for Sickle Cell Disease on Engagement: A Pilot Randomized Controlled TrialPreprint
Parchuri, E., Nardo, E., O’Brien, J. A., Crosby, L. E., Porter, J. S., Palermo, T. M., Nikolajski, C., Treadwell, M. J., Hillery, C. A., Szigethy, E., et al. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3073103/v1 · Cited by 4
Outpatient mental health service use following contact with primary health care among migrants in Norway: A national register study
Straiton, M., Liefbroer, A. C., Hollander, A., & Hauge, L. J. (2022) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114725 · Cited by 3
Associations between anxiety symptoms and barriers to smoking cessation among African Americans who smoke cigarettes daily
Jafarzadeh, N. S., Bello, M. S., Wong, M. K., Cho, J., & Leventhal, A. M. (2023) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109808 · Cited by 3
Depression Screenings during Routine Visits in a Reproductive Healthcare Setting: Identifying Depressive Symptoms in African American Adolescent Males
Johnson, K., Kelch-Oliver, K., Smith, C. O., Green, S. E., Wallace, T. M., Kottke, M., & Collins, M. H. (2012) · Psychology · doi:10.4236/psych.2012.310131 · Cited by 3
Prevalence of depressive symptoms among patients with a chronic nonspecific lung disease in five ethnic minority groups
Perini, W., Snijder, M. B., Schene, A. H., & Kunst, A. E. (2015) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2015.08.003 · Cited by 3
Relations among race/ethnicity, gender, and mental health status in primary care use.
Deb, S., & Miller, N. A. (2017) · Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal · doi:10.1037/prj0000230 · Cited by 3
Metacognitive beliefs about uncontrollability relate most strongly to health anxiety among US‐based non‐Latinx White primary care patients: Comparing strength of relations with US‐based non‐Latinx Black and Latinx primary care patients
Fergus, T. A., Wilder, K., Koester, P., Kelley, L. P., & Griggs, J. O. (2022) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2711 · Cited by 3
Health disparities paradoxes: Depression and chronic back pain in college alumnae and U.S. women, 39–49
Wyshak, G. (2013) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/1403494812470508 · Cited by 3
“Depression is a leading cause of disability in the US [2] with disparities by race/ethnicity in mental health care [3].”
Background
Documenting Behavioral Health Needs in an Urban Setting
Hudson, D., McCrary, S., Murugan, V., Gerassi, L. B., & Proctor, E. K. (2021) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.493884 · Cited by 3
Elements of Integrated Behavioral Health Associated with Primary Care Provider Confidence in Managing Depression at Community Health Centers
Staab, E. M., Wan, W., Campbell, A., Gedeon, S., Schaefer, C. T., Quinn, M. T., & Laiteerapong, N. (2022) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-021-07294-3 · Cited by 3
Ethnic differences in depression and anxiety among adults with atopic eczema: Population‐based matched cohort studies within UK primary care
Adesanya, E., Henderson, A. D., Hayes, J., Lewin, A., Mathur, R., Mulick, A. R., Morton, C. E., Smith, C. H., Langan, S., & Mansfield, K. E. (2024) · Clinical and Translational Allergy · doi:10.1002/clt2.12348 · Cited by 2
“…evidence suggests that individuals from minority ethnic groups are more likely to have their depression and anxiety missed in primary care, 43– 45 either because health seeking behaviour is affected (by stigma or beliefs associated with mental health conditions), 46 due to greater…”
Perceptions of emotional and physical wellness among African American men as predictors of perceived overall health
McNeish, R., Simmons, C., Watson, J. J., & Tran, Q. (2018) · Ethnicity and Health · doi:10.1080/13557858.2018.1530738 · Cited by 6
“As such, their mental health problems are often initially identified by primary care providers (Nimalasuriya, Compton, and Guillory 2009; Stockdale et al. 2008).”
Background
Estimating treated prevalence and service utilization rates: Assessing disparities in mental health
LASKA, E. M., Meisner, M., WANDERLING, J. A., & Siegel, C. (2010) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.3904 · Cited by 2
“While some progress has been made, recent studies [4, 5] suggest that disparities in mental health care remain a major concern.”
Background
sidebar: Integrative Care
Williams, J. W. (2012) · North Carolina Medical Journal · doi:10.18043/ncm.73.3.205 · Cited by 2
Trends in Prescribing Opioids, Benzodiazepines, and Both Among Adults with Alcohol Use Disorder in New York State
Jacobs, D. M., Tober, R., Yu, C., Gibson, W., Dunn, T., Lu, C., Bednzarczyk, E., Jette, G., Lape-Newman, B., Falls, Z., et al. (2022) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-022-07682-3 · Cited by 2
The contribution of genetic risk to the comorbidity of depression and anxiety: a multi-site electronic health records studyPreprint
Coombes, B., Landi, I., Choi, K., Singh, K., Fennessy, B., Gao, Y.-N., Jenkins, G., Batzler, A., Pendegraft, R., Núñez, N., et al. (2022) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2022.04.11.22273720 · Cited by 2
Racial Microaggressions, Stress, and Depression in African Americans: Test of a Model
Roberts, J. R. (2013) · OpenSIUC (Southern Illinois University Carbondale) · Cited by 2
Labor market disadvantages and mental health among the second-generation children of immigrants in Sweden. A population cohort study
Kim, W., Juárez, S., Dunlavy, A. C., Drefahl, S., & Aradhya, S. (2025) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117866 · Cited by 1
The Role of Psychology in Integrated Primary Care for Complex Patients: Effects on Mental Health, Utilization of Medical Services, and Physiological Markers of Health
Worthington, D. C. (2015) · VCU Scholars Compass (Virginia Commonwealth University) · doi:10.25772/xebe-4872 · Cited by 1
Impact of Benzodiazepine Use on Length of Stay and 30-Day ED Visits among Hospitalized Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients
Niazi, S. K., Iqbal, M., Spaulding, A., Wood, C. M., Manochakian, R., Paulus, A., Ailawadhi, S., Brennan, E. A., Dabaja, M. A. K., & Sher, T. (2022) · Southern Medical Journal · doi:10.14423/smj.0000000000001481 · Cited by 1
Comorbidities in Hispanic/Latino Veterans with epilepsy
Sullivan‐Baca, E., Tantillo, G. B., Zhou, R., Rehman, R., Lopez, M. R., & Haneef, Z. (2024) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109871 · Cited by 1
EVALUATION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SERVICES FOR ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION PROVIDED IN A UNIVERSITY-BASED PRIMARY CARE CLINIC
Sadock, E. (2014) · VCU Scholars Compass (Virginia Commonwealth University) · doi:10.25772/r9ct-jz30 · Cited by 1
“According to a National Ambulatory Medical Care Study from 1995-2005, African Americans were less likely to be diagnosed and referred for counseling for depression and/or anxiety (Stockdale et al., 2008).”
BackgroundMethod
Follow-up Evaluation of Treatment for Anxiety and Depression Provided in a University-based Primary Care Clinic
Grinnell, R. M. (2014) · VCU Scholars Compass (Virginia Commonwealth University) · doi:10.25772/41dm-hj51 · Cited by 1
Using Integrated Care to Treat Anxiety Among Latino Populations
Barrios, V., Blackmore, M. A., & Chavira, D. A. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-42533-7_11 · Cited by 1
Culture and Depression: Clinical Considerations for Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Trinh, N., & Dean, T. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-97241-1_4 · Cited by 1
New Research on Aging Minority Groups is Timely and Incorporates State of the Art Methodologies
Cañive, J. M., & Escobar, J. I. (2009) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/jgp.0b013e3181bad01b · Cited by 1
Construct Validity of the Teate Depression Inventory with a Black African American Sample
Rushworth, S. (2017) · The Keep (Eastern Illinois University) · Cited by 1
Measurement and Determinants of Human Development Disparities at Household Level in Punjab (Pakistan): An Evidence from Survey Data
Naveed, T. A. (2020) · Cited by 1
1A Nationwide Analysis of U.S. Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Emergency Department Patients with Mental Health and Substance Use DisordersPreprint
Weinreb, J., Gavrilova, P., Avery, J., Murphy, S. M., & Pathak, J. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-892560/v1 · Cited by 1
EVALUATION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SERVICES PROVIED IN A UNIVERSITY-BASED PRIMARY CARE CLINIC
Sadock, E. (2012) · VCU Scholars Compass (Virginia Commonwealth University) · doi:10.25772/55c1-mn93
Advancing the integration of mental and physical health care : overcoming barriers, demonstrating outcomes with vulnerable populations, and understanding implementation
Sanchez, K. (2011) · Texas ScholarWorks (Texas Digital Library)
New Evidence Regarding Racial And Ethnic Disparities In Mental Health: Policy
McGuire, T. G., & Miranda, J. M. (2008)
Clinical Toolkit: Providing Psychotherapy in a Contemporary Social Context
Cyrus, K. D., & Hubbard, A. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-90197-8_13
Functional Impairment, Mental Disorder Symptomatology, and Perceived Bias among Racial and Ethnic Minorities in the United States
Yu, K. (2019) · Arizona State University Library Digital Repository (Arizona State University)
Patterns and Predictors of Antipsychotic usage among U.S. Adults: A National Co-Morbidity Survey Replication Study
Aparasu, R. R., Nagar, S. P., Mhatre, S. K., & Hatfield, M. D. (2014) · International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology · doi:10.37285/ijpsn.2014.7.2.4
Major Depression
Areán, P. A., & Ayalon, L. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-09757-2_23
Promoting Social and Academic Wellness Among African American Adolescent Males
Ayanlaja, C. C., Polydore, C. L., & Beamon, D. A. (2021) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-8963-2.ch009
Promoting Social and Academic Wellness Among African American Adolescent Males
Ayanlaja, C. C., Polydore, C. L., & Beamon, D. A. (2020) · Advances in educational marketing, administration, and leadership book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-3331-4.ch005
Anxiety Disorders
Edwards, C. B., Billingsley, A. L., & Steinman, S. A. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-9127-3_6
Promoting Social and Academic Wellness Among African American Adolescent Males
Ayanlaja, C. C., Polydore, C. L., & Beamon, D. A. (2021) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-8547-4.ch016
Where Is the Client in Client-Centered Care? Centering the Experiences of Integrated Care Among Black Women in Public Health Settings
Tolley, A. J., Scott, V. C., Langhinrichsen‐Rohling, J., Dahl, A. A., Rao, E., & Lim, J. H. (2026) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare14030416 · Cited by 1
“For example, the underdiagnoses of depression among Black women as compared to their white counterparts [7,8], stigmas surrounding mental health disorders and help-seeking behaviors [9,10], geographic and financial inaccessibility of mental health services [11–13], and inaccessibility of…”
Evaluation of a Clinic-Level Intervention to Increase Anxiety and Depression Screening in an Urban HIV Clinic
Zimmer, D., Staab, E. M., Mehra, G., Zhu, M., Ridgway, J. P., Schmitt, J., Franco, M. I., Hunter, S. J., & Laiteerapong, N. (2026) · AIDS and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10461-026-05102-9
“Screening for mental health conditions is recommended by the Department of Health and Human Services and the Health Resources and Services Administration Ryan White HIV/ AIDS Program [13].”
Racial Differences in Psychosocial Outcomes Among Prostate Cancer Survivors: Insights From the All of Us Research Program
Wang, J., Cho, H., Wang, A. T., Khanmammadova, N., Hanna, K., & Lee, D. I. (2026) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.110267
“In terms of external factors, lower mental illness screening rates and healthcare access in Black communities are likely to contribute [33,34].”
Breaking Barriers: Understanding Mental Health Care Disparities in Latino and African American Populations
Taylor, B., Melian, K. C., Castro, G., & Shoua-Desmarais, N. (2026) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-026-03160-2

Authors: Stockdale, S. E., Lagomasino, I. T., Siddique, J., McGuire, T., & Miranda, J.
Affiliations: University of California, Los Angeles (US)
University of Southern California (US)
University of Chicago (US)
Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author: Stockdale, Susan E.
Miranda, Jeanne
ORCID: Stockdale, Susan E.
Siddique, Juned
Miranda, Jeanne
Venue: Medical Care
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2008-07
Volume: 46
Issue: 7
Pages: 668-677
ISSN: 0025-7079 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/mlr.0b013e3181789496
PMC: PMC3956700
OpenAlex: W2041096161
Cited by: 197
References: 37
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 14
FWCI: 18.67
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Medical Care (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5p30mh068639-05, 5p20md000148-05)
National Institute on Aging (3P0 3AG021684, P30AG021684)
National Institute of Mental Health (MH068639-01, P30-MH068639)
National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (1 P20 MD00148-01, P20-MD000148)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Cultural Competency in Health Care
Keywords: racial and ethnic disparities, depression, anxiety, access to mental health care, primary care, psychiatric nursing, African Americans, Hispanic Americans, antidepressant prescribing, counseling referral, temporal trends, language and cultural barriers
MeSH terms: Anxiety, Black or African American, Depression, Female, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Male, Mental Health Services, Middle Aged, Office Visits, Primary Health Care, United States, Health Care Surveys, White People, Healthcare Disparities

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Racial and ethnic disparities in detection and treatment of depression and anxiety among psychiatric and primary health care visits, 1995-2005

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks