The DOI matches its Crossref record; 58 of the 58 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Lack of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Upregulation and Restrictive Infection by JC Virus Hamper Detection of Neurons by T Lymphocytes in the Central Nervous System
Open accessAbstract
The human polyomavirus JC (JCV) infects glial cells in immunosuppressed individuals, leading to progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Polyomavirus JC can also infect neurons in patients with JCV granule cell neuronopathy and JCV encephalopathy. CD8-positive T cells play a crucial role in viral containment and outcome in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, but whether CD8-positive T cells can also recognize JCV-infected neurons is unclear. We used immunohistochemistry to determine the prevalence of T cells in neuron-rich areas of archival brain samples from 77 patients with JCV CNS infections and 94 control subjects. Neurons predominantly sustained a restrictive infection with expression of JCV regulatory protein T antigen (T Ag), whereas glial cells were productively infected and expressed both T Ag and the capsid protein VP1. T cells were more prevalent near JCV-infected cells with intact nuclei expressing both T Ag and VP1 compared with those expressing either protein alone. CD8-positive T cells also colocalized more with JCV-infected glial cells than with JCV-infected neurons. Major histocompatibility complex class I expression was upregulated in JCV-infected areas but could only be detected in rare neurons interspersed with infected glial cells. These results suggest that isolated neurons harboring restrictive JCV infection do not upregulate major histocompatibility complex class I and thus may escape recognition by CD8-positive T cells.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Due to the lack of major histocompatibility complex antigens in nerve cells, the elimination of viruses in nerve cells depends solely on the role of cytotoxic T cells; however, the apoptosis of mature neurons after virus infection also has a relatively protective effect (Wuthrich et al., 2015).”
From Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID-19 and other coronaviruses (2020) · cites this paper as Wuthrich et al., 2015
In the citing paper
“however, the apoptosis of mature neurons after virus infection also has a relatively protective effect (Wuthrich et al., 2015).”
From Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID-19 and other coronaviruses (2020) · cites this paper as Wuthrich et al., 2015
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Kleinschmidt-DeMasters, B. K., & Tyler, K. L. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa051782 · Cited by 1,070
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy after Natalizumab Therapy for Crohn's Disease
Assche, G. V., Ranst, M. A. V., Sciot, R., Dubois, B., Vermeire, S., Noman, M., Verbeeck, J., Geboes, K., Robberecht, W., & Rutgeerts, P. J. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa051586 · Cited by 1,058
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in a Patient Treated with Natalizumab
Langer-Gould, A. M., Atlas, S. W., Green, A., Bollen, A. W., & Pelletier, D. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa051847 · Cited by 1,032
Functional requirement for class I MHC in CNS development and plasticity
Huh, G. S., Boulanger, L. M., Du, H., Riquelme, P. A., Brotz, T. M., & Shatz, C. J. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.290.5499.2155 · Cited by 828
What is immune privilege (not)?
Galea, I., Bechmann, I., & Perry, V. H. (2007) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2006.11.004 · Cited by 768
Regulation of Class I MHC Gene Expression in the Developing and Mature CNS by Neural Activity
Corriveau, R. A., Huh, G. S., & Shatz, C. J. (1998) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80562-0 · Cited by 548
Induction of MHC Class I Genes in Neurons
Neumann, H., Cavalié, A., Jenne, D. E., & Wekerle, H. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7624779 · Cited by 451
Viral Persistence in Neurons Explained by Lack of Major Histocompatibility Class I Expression
Joly, E., Mucke, L., & Oldstone, M. B. A. (1991) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1891717 · Cited by 305
Vass, K., & Lassmann, H. (1990) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 238
Höftberger, R., Aboul‐Enein, F., Brück, W., Lucchinetti, C. F., Rodriguez, M., Schmidbauer, M., Jellinger, K. A., & Lassmann, H. (2004) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1750-3639.2004.tb00496.x · Cited by 229
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID-19 and other coronaviruses
Wu, Y., Xu, X., Chen, Z., Duan, J., Hashimoto, K., Yang, L., Liu, C., & Yang, C. (2020) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.031 · Cited by 2,046
The neurobiological basis of narcolepsy
Mahoney, C. E., Cogswell, A., Koralnik, I. J., & Scammell, T. E. (2019) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-018-0097-x · Cited by 289
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Wüthrich, C., Batson, S., & Koralnik, I. J.
- Affiliations
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Koralnik, Igor J.
- ORCID
- Koralnik, Igor J.
- Venue
- Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2015-08
- Volume
- 74
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 791-803
- ISSN
- 0022-3069 (ISSN-L)
- 1554-6578
- PMC
- PMC4506730
- OpenAlex
- W1030692554
- Cited by
- 10
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 6 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 0.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (U24MH100928, U01MH083500, U24MH100929)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS074995, NS 074995, NS 047029, R01NS047029)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Polyomavirus and related diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Keywords
- JC virus, polyomavirus, MHC class I upregulation, CD8+ T cells, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, T antigen, VP1 capsid protein, T cell escape, viral infections of the central nervous system
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Female, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Humans, JC Virus, Male, Middle Aged, Neurons, Histocompatibility Antigens Class I, Up-Regulation, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Polyomavirus Infections
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
