Guidelines for the Acute Medical Management of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Infants, Children, and Adolescents-Second Edition

Abstract

Author Affiliations Patrick M. Kochanek, MD, FCCM, Professor and Vice Chair, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Nancy Carney, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University P. David Adelson, MD, FACS, FAAP, Director, Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Chief, Pediatric Neurosurgery/ Children's Neurosciences Stephen Ashwal, MD, Distinguished Professor of Pediatrics and Neurology, Chief of the Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine Michael J. Bell, MD, Associate Professor of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Susan Bratton, MD, MPH, FAAP, Professor of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine Susan Carson, MPH, Senior Research Associate, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University Randall M. Chesnut, MD, FCCM, FACS, Professor of Neurological Surgery, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine Jamshid Ghajar, MD, PhD, FACS, Clinical Professor of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, President of the Brain Trauma Foundation Brahm Goldstein, MD, FAAP, FCCM, Senior Medical Director, Clinical Research, Ikaria, Inc., Professor of Pediatrics, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Gerald A. Grant, MD, Associate Professor of Surgery and Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine Niranjan Kissoon, MD, FAAP, FCCM, Professor of Paediatrics and Emergency Medicine, British Columbia's Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia Kimberly Peterson, BSc, Research Associate, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University Nathan R. Selden, MD, PhD, FACS, FAAP, Campagna Professor and Vice Chair of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University Robert C. Tasker, MBBS, MD, FRCP, Chair and Director, Neurocritical Care, Children's Hospital Boston, Professor of Neurology and Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School Karen A. Tong, MD, Associate Professor of Radiology, Loma Linda University Monica S. Vavilala, MD, Professor of Anesthesiology and Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine Mark S. Wainwright, MD, PhD, Director, Pediatric Neurocritical Care, Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Craig R. Warden, MD, MPH, MS, Professor of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, Chief, Pediatric Emergency Services, Oregon Health & Science University/Doernbecher Children's Hospital Project Management Cynthia Davis-O'Reilly, BSc, Research Associate, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University Amy Huddleston, MPA, Research Associate, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University Marci Provins, BS, Editorial Assistant, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh Guest Editor Hector R. Wong, MD External Peer Reviewers Drs. Mark S. Dias, Richard G. Ellenbogen, Stuart H. Friess, Jeffrey P. Greenfield, Anne-Marie Guerguerian, Mary E. Hartman, Mark A. Helfaer, John W. Kuluz, Yi-Chen Lai, Leon E. Moores, Jose A. Pineda, Paul M. Shore, Kimberly D. Statler-Bennett, and Michael J. Whalen Endorsements The following endorse these Guidelines: American Academy of Pediatrics-Section on Neurological Surgery American Association of Neurological Surgeons/Congress of Neurological Surgeons Child Neurology Society European Society of Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care Neurocritical Care Society Pediatric Neurocritical Care Research Group Society of Critical Care Medicine The Paediatric Intensive Care Society (UK) Society for Neuroscience in Anesthesiology and Critical Care World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies The following supported these Guidelines: We gratefully acknowledge funding from the Brain Trauma Foundation and partial funding from the Charles Maddock Foundation. Author Disclosures: Drs. Adelson, Kochanek and Vavilala have received funding from the National Institutes of Health. Dr. Chesnut has consulted for Integra and Innerspace in the past. Drs. Grant and Kochanek have received funding from the Department of Defense. The remaining authors have not disclosed any potential conflicts of interest. For information regarding this article, email Copyright 2012 Brain Trauma Foundation Disclaimer of Liability The information contained in this Guidelines document reflects the current state of knowledge at the time of its completion, December 5, 2011. In view of the fact that there will be future developments in both scientific information and technology, it is anticipated that these Guidelines will be periodically reviewed and updated. These Guidelines are published and distributed with the understa