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Understanding HIV Program Effects: A Structural Approach to Context Using the Transportability Framework
Open accessAbstract
Background: Implementation science focuses on evaluating strategies for delivering evidence-based interventions to improve HIV prevention and treatment. The effectiveness of these implementation strategies is often context-dependent and reconciling the desire to produce generalizable knowledge in the face of these contextual interventions is a central challenge for implementation science researchers. Methods: We provide an overview of the causal transportability theory and conceptualize context under this framework. We review how causal graphs can be used to illustrate the assumptions necessary to apply the results of a study to a new context, and we illustrate this approach using an example of a community adherence group intervention that aims to improve retention in HIV care. Finally, we discuss several key insights highlighted by the transportability theory that are relevant to implementation science researchers. Results: By adopting causal transportability to consider how context may affect the success of an implementation strategy, researchers can formally diagnose when the results of a study are likely to generalize to a given setting. Moreover, selection diagrams can highlight what additional measurements would be needed in a target population to estimate the effect of an implementation strategy in that target population without having to repeat the initial study. Conclusions: Transportability translates intuition about context-dependent interventions and external validity into actionable and testable insight.
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“the underlying drivers of a given health outcome or inequity are not always constant across geographic contexts (Mehrotra, Peterson, & Geng, 2019) or over time (Keyes, Utz, Robinson, & Li, 2010)”
From Nurse-led approaches to address social determinants of health and advance health equity: A new framework and its implications (2023) · cites this paper as Mehrotra, Peterson, & Geng, 2019
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Generalizing Study Results: A Potential Outcomes Perspective
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Guilamo-Ramos, V., Johnson, C., Thimm-Kaiser, M., & Benzekri, A. (2023) · Nursing Outlook · doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2023.101996 · Cited by 40
Metadata
- Authors
- Mehrotra, M. L., Petersen, M. L., & Geng, E. H.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mehrotra, Megha L.
- Venue
- JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
- Published
- 2019-12
- Volume
- 82
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- S199-S205
- ISSN
- 1525-4135 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7819697
- OpenAlex
- W2989847104
- Cited by
- 18
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 2.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (F31MH111346)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (K24AI134413)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Policy Implementation Science
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Advanced Causal Inference Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Keywords
- HIV prevention, HIV treatment, implementation science, context sensitivity, generalizability, causal graphs, HIV care retention, HIV care programs
- MeSH terms
- Retention in Care, Implementation Science, Delivery of Health Care, Humans, HIV Infections, Evidence-Based Medicine
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