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Cited by 360Relativity and Gravitational TheoryCosmology and Gravitation TheoriesAdvanced Differential Geometry Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The occurrence of singularities in cosmology. ɪɪɪ. Causality and singularities

Hawking, Stephen William·1967·Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
DOI 10.1098/rspa.1967.0164
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Abstract

The questions about singularities that remain to be answered are discussed. It is shown, without any assumption about causality, that there are fully general solutions which evolve from a non-singular state to an inevitable singularity. An observationally testable condition is given which would imply the existence of a singularity if a reasonable assumption about causality were made. This condition would also be satisfied in an approximately spherical collapsing star and so would enable one to prove the occurrence of a singularity in such circumstances without assuming that space-time admits a Cauchy surface. If the assumption about causality held, the singularity could not be of the Misner type but would presumably involve infinite curvature. This would probably indicate that the Einstein theory broke down but only in very strong fields.

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Carter B., 1966, P hys, Lett., 21, 423
  2. 1965, P hys, Rev. Lett., 15, 689

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Metadata

Authors
Hawking, S. W.
Affiliations
University of Cambridge (GB)
Corresponding author
Hawking, Stephen William
ORCID
Hawking, Stephen William
Venue
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
Publisher
The Royal Society
Published
1967-08-30
Volume
300
Issue
1461
Pages
187-201
ISSN
  • 0080-4630 (ISSN-L)
  • 2053-9169
DOI
10.1098/rspa.1967.0164
OpenAlex
W2075536196
Cited by
360
References
3
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 9
FWCI
5.97
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/data-sharing-mining/ (tdm)
Locations
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A Mathematical and Physical Sciences (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Relativity and Gravitational Theory
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
  • Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Geometry and Topology › Advanced Differential Geometry Research
Keywords
cosmological singularity, causality, singularity theorems, spherical collapse, Cauchy surfaces

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