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Cited by 227Fish Ecology and Management StudiesAnimal Behavior and ReproductionFish biology, ecology, and behavior

Environmental variability in the early rearing environment generates behaviourally flexible cod: implications for rehabilitating wild populations

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Braithwaite, Victoria A, Salvanes, Anne G.V·2005·Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
DOI 10.1098/rspb.2005.3062PMC PMC1559818
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Abstract

The release of hatchery-reared fishes for restoring threatened and endangered populations is one of the most controversial issues in applied ecology. A central issue has been to determine whether releases cause extinction of local wild populations. This may arise either through domesticated or non-local fishes hybridizing with wild fishes, or through inappropriate behavioural interactions; for example, many hatchery fishes show exaggerated aggressive and competitive behaviour and out-compete wild counterparts. The impact of the impoverished hatchery environment in shaping behaviour is only now receiving attention. Attempts to counteract hatchery-related behavioural deficiencies have utilized intensive training programmes shortly before the fishes are released. However, we show here that simple exposure to variable spatial and foraging cues in the standard hatchery environment generates fishes with enhanced behavioural traits that are probably associated with improved survival in the wild. It appears that fishes need to experience a varying and changeable environment to learn and develop flexible behaviour. Using variable hatchery rearing environments to generate suitable phenotypes in combination with a knowledge of appropriate local genotypes, rehabilitation of wild fishes is likely to succeed, where to date it has largely failed.

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  • Environmental enrichment increases foraging behaviour in fish.

    “Environmental enrichment | Reduces anxiety [196,197], stress [196,197], and abnormal repetitive behaviour [198–200]. Reduces susceptibility to epilepsy [201] and osteoarthritis [202] and modifies the pathology of neurological disorders [203]. Increases foraging behaviour in fish [204].”

    From Reporting animal research: Explanation and elaboration for the ARRIVE guidelines 2.0 (2020) · cites this paper as [204]

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Authors
Braithwaite, V. A., & Salvanes, A. G. V.
Affiliations
  • University of Edinburgh (GB)
  • University of Bergen (NO)
Corresponding author
Braithwaite, Victoria A
ORCID
Salvanes, Anne G.V
Venue
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
Publisher
The Royal Society
Published
2005-06-02
Volume
272
Issue
1568
Pages
1107-1113
ISSN
  • 0080-4649 (ISSN-L)
  • 0962-8452
  • 1471-2954
DOI
10.1098/rspb.2005.3062
PMC
PMC1559818
OpenAlex
W2127207276
Cited by
227
References
0
Citations by year
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FWCI
6.49
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/data-sharing-mining/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
  • Leverhulme Trust
  • Norges Forskningsråd
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Fish Ecology and Management Studies
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Fish biology, ecology, and behavior
Keywords
hatchery-reared fish, cod, Gadus morhua, behavioral flexibility, environmental variability, rearing conditions, spatial cues, fish rehabilitation, hybridization, aggression, survival in the wild
MeSH terms
Analysis of Variance, Animals, Behavior, Animal, Conservation of Natural Resources, Environment, Escape Reaction, Exploratory Behavior, Feeding Behavior, Fishes, Social Behavior, Stress, Physiological, Aquaculture

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