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Horizontal gene transfer in evolution: facts and challenges
Open accessAbstract
The contribution of horizontal gene transfer to evolution has been controversial since it was suggested to be a force driving evolution in the microbial world. In this paper, I review the current standpoint on horizontal gene transfer in evolutionary thinking and discuss how important horizontal gene transfer is in evolution in the broad sense, and particularly in prokaryotic evolution. I review recent literature, asking, first, which processes are involved in the evolutionary success of transferred genes and, secondly, about the extent of horizontal gene transfer towards different evolutionary times. Moreover, I discuss the feasibility of reconstructing ancient phylogenetic relationships in the face of horizontal gene transfer. Finally, I discuss how horizontal gene transfer fits in the current neo-Darwinian evolutionary paradigm and conclude there is a need for a new evolutionary paradigm that includes horizontal gene transfer as well as other mechanisms in the explanation of evolution.
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“Increased copper tolerance was reported to be mediated by a genomic amplification of CUP1, decreased basal levels of the copper transporters CTR2 and CCC2 and decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes [117,128].”
From Adaptive laboratory evolution—Principles and applications for biotechnology (2013) · cites this paper as [117]
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Kuznetsova, M. V., Леонидовна, М. И., Pospelova, J. S., Bertok, D. Ž., & Erjavec, M. S. (2021) · Infection Genetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105160 · Cited by 11
Mitra, A., & Nagaraja, V. (2012) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2012.07.064 · Cited by 11
Effect of Caenorhabditis elegans age and genotype on horizontal gene transfer in intestinal bacteria
Portal‐Celhay, C., Nehrke, K. W., & Blaser, M. J. (2012) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.12-218420 · Cited by 11
Do Branch Lengths Help to Locate a Tree in a Phylogenetic Network?
Gambette, P., van Iersel, L. J. J., Kelk, S. M., Pardi, F., & Scornavacca, C. (2016) · Bulletin of Mathematical Biology · doi:10.1007/s11538-016-0199-4 · Cited by 11
Mikhailovsky, G. E., & Gordon, R. (2020) · Biosystems · doi:10.1016/j.biosystems.2020.104131 · Cited by 10
Life in the near space and implications for astrobiology
Lin, W. (2020) · Chinese Science Bulletin (Chinese Version) · doi:10.1360/tb-2019-0805 · Cited by 11
Cleland, C. E. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781139046893.004 · Cited by 11
Microbial interactions in facilitating antibiotic activity and resistance evolution
Zhang, L., Li, S., Liu, Z., Zhang, R., Yang, T., Liu, D., Ding, T., Lu, X., & Feng, J. (2026) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.01931-25 · Cited by 11
“Conjugation is most prevalent in densely packed environment, such as biofilms, where close cell proximity enhances the efficiency of gene exchange (11–13).”
Plastic Ontogenesis: Memory, Closure, and Habitual Teleology in Development
Švorcová, J. (2024) · Biosemiotics/Biosemiotics. Bookseries · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-53626-7_9 · Cited by 10
Horizontal Acquisition of Prokaryotic Genes for Eukaryote Functioning and Niche Adaptation
Bruto, M., Prigent‐Combaret, C., Luis, P., Hoff, G., Moënne‐Loccoz, Y., & Muller, D. A. E. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-38212-3_11 · Cited by 10
“, Darwinian versus Lamarckian evolution) and the bacterial species concept (Boto 2010; Koonin and Wolf 2009; Puigbo et al. 2009).”
BackgroundShimizu, T., Aritoshi, T., Beatty, J. T., & Masuda, T. (2022) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms10050908 · Cited by 10
“Bacteria do not perform sexual reproduction but are capable of acquiring exogenous DNA by horizontal gene transfer (HGT), which is important for genetic diversity and evolution [1].”
BackgroundMembrane-Binding Biomolecules Influence the Rate of Vesicle Exchange between Bacteria
Tran, F., Gangan, M. S., Weaver, B. P., & Boedicker, J. Q. (2022) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.01346-22 · Cited by 12
Muleta, A., Tesfaye, K., Assefa, F., Greenlon, A., Riely, B. K., Carrasquilla‐Garcia, N., Gai, Y., Haileslassie, T., & Cook, D. R. (2021) · Systematic and Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.syapm.2021.126279 · Cited by 10
Sharma, P., De, T. D., Sharma, S., Mishra, A. K., Thomas, T., Verma, S., Kumari, V., Lata, S., Singh, N., Valecha, N., et al. (2015) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.7534.1 · Cited by 11
Horizontal Gene Transfer in Evolution
Boto, L. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470015902.a0022835 · Cited by 10
Self-citationHuo, X., Zhao, F., Xu, Y., Liu, Q., Wang, W., Yang, C., & Su, J. (2024) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136225 · Cited by 9
Munir, A., Lu, X., Humak, F., Kürekçi, C., Mahmood, M. S., Gul, S., Wang, Z., Mohsin, M., & Li, R. (2025) · mSystems · doi:10.1128/msystems.01673-24 · Cited by 10
“It has also been demonstrated that birds can acquire antibiotic-resistant bacteria during their migration from human-influenced environments or through horizontal gene transfer from contact with other birds in similar environments (27, 28).”
Kazmi, S. S. U. H., Batool, S. M., Pastorino, P., Barceló, ., Grossart, H., Yaseen, Z. M., Khan, Z. H., Azeem, M., & Li, G. (2026) · Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · doi:10.1002/brv.70163 · Cited by 9
“ARGs, unlike their chemical counterparts, exhibit prolonged persistence in environmental matrices and spread readily through horizontal gene transfer (HGT) (Boto, 2010; Emamalipour et al ., 2020).”
Identification of gene fusion events in Mycobacterium tuberculosis that encode chimeric proteins
Gallant, J., Mouton, J., Ummels, R., ten Hagen‐Jongman, C. M., Kriel, N. L., Pain, A., Warren, R. M., Bitter, W., Heunis, T. D. J., & Sampson, S. L. (2020) · NAR Genomics and Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/nargab/lqaa033 · Cited by 9
Ienne, S., Pappas, G. J., Jr., Benabdellah, K., González, A., & Zingales, B. S. (2012) · Infection Genetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2012.01.016 · Cited by 9
“In this way, these criteria may allow the identification of recent gene transfer events but are inefficient in detecting events that occurred a long time ago (Boto, 2010).”
BackgroundAntibiotic Resistance in the Aquatic Environment
Marti, E., & Balcázar, J. L. (2013) · Comprehensive analytical chemistry · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-62657-8.00019-7 · Cited by 9
Yanagida, K., Sakuda, A., Suzuki‐Minakuchi, C., Shintani, M., Matsui, K., Okada, K., & Nojiri, H. (2016) · Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1080/09168451.2015.1127131 · Cited by 9
“The OD600 values of donor and recipient cells were adjusted using LB [donor: recipient ratios, 2 × 10: 2 × 10(1) (1), 2 × 10: 2 × 10 (2), 2 × 10: 2 × 10 (3), 2 × 10: 2 × 10 (4), 2 × 10: 2 × 10 (5)] before mixing; the identical ratio of donor to recipient cells (1:10) were used in each cell density.”
Bininda‐Emonds, O. R. P., Hinz, C., & Ahlrichs, W. H. (2016) · Life · doi:10.3390/life6030038 · Cited by 9
“, interference with the needed repair of the double-stranded breaks inflicted by desiccation [21,42,43,46,47]) and would be strengthened by other, indirect mechanisms that promote exchange with more “advantageous” donors [46,48].”
BackgroundHorizontally transferred genes in the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi
Hernandez, A. M., & Ryan, J. F. (2018) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.5067 · Cited by 9
“Moreover, HGT is a potential catalyst for organisms to acquire novel traits (Soucy, Huang & Gogarten, 2015) and creates opportunities for HGT receivers to exploit new ecological niches (Boto, 2010).”
BackgroundDuarte, I., & Huynen, M. A. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/514042 · Cited by 10
Metadata
- Authors
- Boto, L.
- Affiliations
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Boto, Luis
- ORCID
- Boto, Luis
- Venue
- Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
- Publisher
- The Royal Society
- Published
- 2009-11-28
- Volume
- 277
- Issue
- 1683
- Pages
- 819-827
- ISSN
- 0080-4649 (ISSN-L)
- 0962-8452
- 1471-2954
- PMC
- PMC2842723
- OpenAlex
- W2108923274
- Cited by
- 379
- References
- 123
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 1.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Philosophy of Biology and Scientific Explanation
- Keywords
- horizontal gene transfer, prokaryotic evolution, microbial evolution, phylogenetic inference, evolutionary processes, evolutionary timescales
- MeSH terms
- Archaea, Bacteria, Biological Evolution, Phylogeny, Gene Transfer, Horizontal
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