How does visual thinking work in the mind of a person with autism? A personal account
Open accessAbstract
My mind is similar to an Internet search engine that searches for photographs. I use language to narrate the photo-realistic pictures that pop up in my imagination. When I design equipment for the cattle industry, I can test run it in my imagination similar to a virtual reality computer program. All my thinking is associative and not linear. To form concepts, I sort pictures into categories similar to computer files. To form the concept of orange, I see many different orange objects, such as oranges, pumpkins, orange juice and marmalade. I have observed that there are three different specialized autistic/Asperger cognitive types. They are: (i) visual thinkers such as I who are often poor at algebra, (ii) pattern thinkers such as Daniel Tammet who excel in math and music but may have problems with reading or writing composition, and (iii) verbal specialists who are good at talking and writing but they lack visual skills.
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References 27 · Cited by 161
- Authors
- Grandin, T.
- Affiliations
- Colorado State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Grandin, Temple
- ORCID
- Grandin, Temple
- Venue
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
- Publisher
- The Royal Society
- Published
- 2009-05-27
- Volume
- 364
- Issue
- 1522
- Pages
- 1437-1442
- ISSN
- 0962-8436 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-2970
- PMC
- PMC2677580
- OpenAlex
- W2148341771
- Cited by
- 161
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 1.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Williams Syndrome Research
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, Asperger syndrome, visual thinking, visual imagery, associative thinking, concept classification, cognitive style, verbal thinking, mathematical ability, personal account
- MeSH terms
- Autistic Disorder, Concept Formation, Humans, Imagination, Memory, Thinking, Visual Perception, Pattern Recognition, Physiological
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