Phenotypic heterogeneity of human endogenous retrovirus particles produced by teratocarcinoma cell lines
Abstract
Human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) sequences represent about 0·5% of the human genome. The only HERV known to express virus particles is human teratocarcinoma-derived virus (HTDV), which is now termed HTDV/HERV-K. Between 25 and 50 different copies of HERV-K are present in the human genome, three of which contain full-length genes for viral structural proteins. To determine whether genes of different HERV-K proviruses can be expressed, the morphologies and protein expression patterns of HTDV/HERV-K produced by various human teratocarcinoma cell lines were compared. Three different types of retrovirus-like particles were observed, showing differences in the presence of viral surface proteins and the existence of free mature virions. These distinct morphological features between virion types were in accordance with the results of immunoblotting analyses that revealed differences in the cleavage of a viral Gag protein precursor and the presence of a putative Env protein. These data suggest that different HERV-K proviruses are transcribed in human teratocarcinoma cell lines.
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Retrovirus-like particles (RLPs) resemble retroviral vesicles on EM but are non-infectious, are defined by size 90-100 nm and a subset of retroviral proteins, arise by budding from the plasma membrane, and Gag protein may serve as a marker.
“Retrovirus-like Particles (RLPs) are those that resemble retroviral vesicles on EM but are non-infectious because they do not contain the full complement of genes required for cellular entry or viral propagation. These vesicles are typically defined by their size (90-100 nm) and the presence of a subset of retroviral proteins [69-72].”
From Biogenesis of extracellular vesicles (EV): exosomes, microvesicles, retrovirus-like vesicles, and apoptotic bodies (2013) · cites this paper as [83]
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- Authors
- Bieda, K., Hoffmann, A., & Boller, K.
- Affiliations
- Paul Ehrlich Institut (DE)
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, D-63225 Langen, Germany1
- Venue
- Journal of General Virology
- Publisher
- Microbiology Society
- Published
- 2001-03-01
- Volume
- 82
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 591-596
- ISSN
- 0022-1317 (ISSN-L)
- 1465-2099
- OpenAlex
- W2162156592
- Cited by
- 113
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 3.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of General Virology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and Retrovirus Studies
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Infectious Diseases and Mycology
- Keywords
- HERV-K, retrovirus-like particles, phenotypic heterogeneity, Env protein, viral surface proteins, virion morphology, retroviral reactivation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Male, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Phenotype, Testicular Neoplasms, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Virion, Gene Products, gag, Teratocarcinoma, Endogenous Retroviruses, Mice
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