Transmission of pseudorabies virus from immune-masked blood monocytes to endothelial cells
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) may cause abortion, even in the presence of vaccination-induced immunity. Blood monocytes are essential to transport the virus in these immune animals, including transport to the pregnant uterus. Infected monocytes express viral proteins on their cell surface. Specific antibodies recognize these proteins and should activate antibody-dependent cell lysis. Previous work showed that addition of PRV-specific polyclonal antibodies to PRV-infected monocytes induced internalization of viral cell surface proteins, protecting the cells from efficient antibody-dependent lysis in vitro (immune-masked monocytes). As a first step to reach the pregnant uterus, PRV has to cross the endothelial cell barrier of the maternal blood vessels. The current aim was to investigate in vitro whether immune-masked PRV-infected monocytes can transmit PRV in the presence of virus-neutralizing antibodies via adhesion and fusion of these monocytes with endothelial cells. Porcine blood monocytes, infected with a lacZ-carrying PRV strain, were incubated with PRV-specific antibodies to induce internalization. Then, cells were co-cultivated with endothelial cells for different periods of time. Only PRV-infected monocytes with internalized viral cell surface proteins adhered efficiently to endothelial cells. LacZ transmission to endothelial cells, as a measure for monocyte-endothelial cell fusion, could be detected after co-cultivation from 30 min onwards. Virus transmission was confirmed by the appearance of plaques. Adhesion of immune-masked PRV-infected monocytes to endothelial cells was mediated by cellular adhesion complex CD11b-CD18 and subsequent fusion was mediated by the virus. In conclusion, immune-masked PRV-infected monocytes can adhere and subsequently transmit virus to endothelial cells in the presence of PRV-neutralizing antibodies.
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CMV and PRV spread between PBMC and endothelial cells via cell-cell (micro)fusion.
“CMV and PRV were documented to spread between PBMC and EC via cell-cell (micro)fusion (Digel et al., 2006; Gerna et al., 2000; Van de Walle et al., 2003).”
From Equid Herpesvirus-1 Exploits the Extracellular Matrix of Mononuclear Cells to Ensure Transport to Target Cells (2020) · cites this paper as Van de Walle et al., 2003
All detected fusion events were in PBMC infected for 24 h, where viruses already entered the cells and produced the needed glycoproteins for fusion.
“Interestingly, all detected fusion events were in PBMC infected for 24 h, where viruses already entered the cells and produced the needed glycoproteins for fusion (Van de Walle et al., 2003).”
From Equid Herpesvirus-1 Exploits the Extracellular Matrix of Mononuclear Cells to Ensure Transport to Target Cells (2020) · cites this paper as Van de Walle et al., 2003
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References 41 · Cited by 15
- Authors
- Van de Walle, G. R., Favoreel, H. W., Nauwynck, H. J., Mettenleiter, T. C., & Pensaert, M. B.
- Affiliations
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
- Ghent University (BE)
- Federal Research Centre for Virus Diseases of Animals, D-17498 Insel Riems, Germany
- Venue
- Journal of General Virology
- Publisher
- Microbiology Society
- Published
- 2003-03-01
- Volume
- 84
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 629-637
- ISSN
- 0022-1317 (ISSN-L)
- 1465-2099
- OpenAlex
- W2105970185
- Cited by
- 15
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of General Virology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
- OpenAgrar (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Virology and Viral Diseases
- Keywords
- pseudorabies virus, blood monocytes, endothelial cells, cell adhesion, CD11b/CD18, virus transmission, abortion (veterinary), neutralizing antibodies, placental transmission
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antibodies, Viral, Cell Adhesion, Cell Fusion, Cells, Cultured, Endothelium, Vascular, Monocytes, Movement, Viral Plaque Assay, Herpesvirus 1, Suid, Swine, Time Factors, Lewis X Antigen, CD18 Antigens, Coculture Techniques, CD11b Antigen, CD11a Antigen
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