Features and Functions of Systemic and Mucosal Humoral Immunity Among SARS-CoV-2 Convalescent Individuals
Open accessPreprint — published as 10.3389/fimmu.2020.618685
Abstract
Summary: Understanding humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection will play a critical role in the development of vaccines and antibody-based interventions. We report systemic and mucosal antibody responses in convalescent individuals who experienced varying disease severity. Robust antibody responses to diverse SARS-CoV-2 antigens and evidence of elevated responses to endemic CoV were observed among convalescent donors. SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA and IgG responses were often negatively correlated, particularly in mucosal samples, suggesting subject-intrinsic biases in isotype switching. Assessment of antibody-mediated effector functions revealed an inverse correlation between systemic and mucosal neutralization activity and site-dependent differences in the isotype of neutralizing antibodies. Serum neutralization correlated with systemic anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM response magnitude, while mucosal neutralization was associated with nasal SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA. These findings begin to map how diverse Ab characteristics relate to Ab functions and outcomes of infection, informing public health assessment strategies and vaccine development efforts.
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SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA appears in nasal washes and saliva during convalescence and might reduce transmission via neutralization and Fc-dependent functions.
“SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA is detected in nasal washes and in saliva of patients who are in convalescence and could contribute to a reduced interpersonal spread through neutralization and Fc-dependent effector functions37.”
From Immunological mechanisms of vaccine-induced protection against COVID-19 in humans (2021) · cites this paper as [37]
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“Similarly, polyclonal Ab responses observed in convalescent and vaccinated 81 macaques have demonstrated promising protection profiles in challenge experiments (Chandrashekar et 82 al., 2020; Yu et al., 2020).”
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Immunological mechanisms of vaccine-induced protection against COVID-19 in humans
Sadarangani, M., Marchant, A., & Kollmann, T. R. (2021) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-021-00578-z · Cited by 560 · see citing works
Prolonged evolution of the human B cell response to SARS-CoV-2 infection
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- Authors
- Butler, S. E., Crowley, A. R., Natarajan, H., Xu, S., Weiner, J. A., Lee, J., Wieland-Alter, W., Connor, R. I., Wright, P. F., & Ackerman, M. E.
- Affiliations
- Dartmouth College (US)
- Dartmouth–Hitchcock Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wright, Peter F.
- Ackerman, Margaret E.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Frontiers in Immunology
- Publisher
- openRxiv
- Published
- 2020-08-06
- Volume
- 11
- Pages
- 618685-618685
- ISSN
- 1664-3224 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7876222
- OpenAlex
- W3127594202
- Cited by
- 120
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 7.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Immunology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- medRxiv (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center
- University of Texas at Austin
- Bill and Melinda Gates Institute for Population and Reproductive Health (OPP1104756)
- National Institutes of Health (HHSN272201400008C, P30 CA 023108-41, P20-GM113132, 2T32AI007363, GM113132)
- National Cancer Institute (P30CA, P30CA023108)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM113132, HHSN272201400008C, P20GM113132)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (HHSN272201400008C), T32AI007363)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Keywords
- SARS-CoV-2, humoral immunity, mucosal immunity, convalescent patients, neutralizing antibodies, IgA, IgG, nasal wash, phagocytosis, disease severity, antibody depletion, vaccine development
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