Vascular Lumen Formation
Open accessAbstract
The vascular system developed early in evolution. It is required in large multicellular organisms for the transport of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products to and from tissues. The vascular system is composed of hollow tubes, which have a high level of complexity in vertebrates. Vasculogenesis describes the de novo formation of blood vessels, e.g., aorta formation in vertebrate embryogenesis. In contrast, angiogenesis is the formation of blood vessels from preexisting ones, e.g., sprouting of intersomitic blood vessels from the aorta. Importantly, the lumen of all blood vessels in vertebrates is lined and formed by endothelial cells. In both vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, lumen formation takes place in a cord of endothelial cells. It involves a complex molecular mechanism composed of endothelial cell repulsion at the cell-cell contacts within the endothelial cell cords, junctional rearrangement, and endothelial cell shape change. As the vascular system also participates in the course of many diseases, such as cancer, stroke, and myocardial infarction, it is important to understand and make use of the molecular mechanisms of blood vessel formation to better understand and manipulate the pathomechanisms involved.
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The blood vessel-like structures in VSKOs contained a lumen housing immune cells, similarly as seen in vivo.
“These blood vessel‐like structures also contained a lumen housing immune cells, similarly, as seen in vivo.[ 72 ]”
From Coordinated Development of Immune Cell Populations in Vascularized Skin Organoids from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (2025) · cites this paper as [72]
The section “Morphology of Vertebrate Blood Vessels” states that blood vessels have a lumen and that blood contains leukocytes, supporting the in vivo comparison. The paper does not address VSKOs or establish that their vessel-like structures contained immune cells. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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References 54 · Cited by 75
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Kamei M, Saunders WB, Bayless KJ, Dye L, Davis GE, Wein- stein BM. 2006. Endothelial tubes assemble from intra- cellular vacuoles in vivo. Nature 442: 453-456.
- Kucera T, Strilic B, Regener K, Schubert M, Laudet V, Lam- mert E. 2009. Ancestral vascular lumen formation via basal cell surfaces. PLoS One 4: e4132. doi: 10.1371/ journal.pone.0004132. · DOI
- Ruppert E. 1997. Cephalochordata (Acrania). In Microscopic anatomy of invertebrates (ed. Harrison FW). Wiley-Liss, Wilmington.
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- Authors
- Lammert, E., & Axnick, J.
- Affiliations
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Lammert, E.
- ORCID
- Lammert, E.
- Venue
- Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine
- Publisher
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
- Published
- 2011-10-25
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- a006619-a006619
- ISSN
- 2157-1422 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3312398
- OpenAlex
- W2157555683
- Cited by
- 75
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 5
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Angiogenesis and VEGF in Cancer
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Keywords
- vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, endothelial cells, cell-cell contact, vascular development
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Blood Vessels, Endothelium, Vascular, Humans, Invertebrates, Neoplasms, Neovascularization, Pathologic, Vertebrates, Signal Transduction, Neovascularization, Physiologic, Endothelial Cells
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