Amino Acid Metabolism
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Figure 7. Overview of the urea cycle.The initial step for urea synthesis is catalyzed by the mitochondrial matrix enzyme carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I to incorporate the first nitrogen molecule.Subsequently, ornithine transcarbamoylase uses carbamoyl phosphate and ornithine as substrates to generate citrulline in the mitochondrial matrix.Next, citrulline is exported to the cytosol and converted into argininosuccinate by argininosuccinate synthetase.This reaction results in the incorporation of a second nitrogen atom from aspartate.Next, the enzyme argininosuccinase cleaves argininosuccinate to produce fumarate and arginine.Finally, the enzyme arginase converts arginine to urea and ornithine to complete the urea cycle.
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Glycolysis provides all non-essential and conditionally essential amino acids.
“Glycolysis provides all non-essential and conditionally essential amino acids [47].”
From 20-Hydroxyecdysone Boosts Energy Production and Biosynthetic Processes in Non-Transformed Mouse Cells (2024) · cites this paper as [47]
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References 7 · Cited by 229
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Krebs HA. 1964. The citric acid cycle. Nobel lecture, Decem- ber 11, 1953. In Nobel Lectures, Physiology or Medicine 1942-1962. The Nobel Foundation, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
- Authors
- Chandel, N. S.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Chandel, Navdeep S.
- ORCID
- Chandel, Navdeep S.
- Venue
- Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
- Publisher
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
- Published
- 2021-04
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- a040584
- ISSN
- 1943-0264 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8015690
- OpenAlex
- W4206120892
- Cited by
- 229
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 70 · 2025: 91 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Clinical Biochemistry › Metabolism and Genetic Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Biochemical and Molecular Research
- Keywords
- urea cycle, amino acid metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I, ornithine transcarbamylase, citrulline, argininosuccinate synthetase, arginase, ornithine, aspartic acid
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acids, Catecholamines, Energy Metabolism, Melanins, Synaptic Transmission, Nitric Oxide, Urea, Epigenesis, Genetic
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