The DOI matches its Crossref record; 58 of the 58 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Transcriptional activation of the Cdk inhibitor p21 by vitamin D3 leads to the induced differentiation of the myelomonocytic cell line U937.
Open accessAbstract
The hormonal form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, acting through its cognate nuclear receptor (vitamin D3 receptor, VDR) will induce myeloid leukemic cell lines to terminally differentiate into monocytes/macrophages. Because VDR acts by transcriptionally regulating responsive genes in a ligand-dependent manner, we sought target genes of the receptor that initiate, the differentiation process in response to ligand. We screened a cDNA library prepared from the myelomonocytic U937 cell line with probes generated from either 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-treated or untreated cells. We report here that a candidate clone that hybridized differentially is the Cdk inhibitor p21WAF1, CIP1. Furthermore, we show that p21 is transcriptionally induced by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in a VDR-dependent, but not p53-dependent, manner, and we identify a functional vitamin D response element in the p21 promoter. Transient overexpression of p21 and/or the related Cdk inhibitor p27 in U937 cells in the absence of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 results in the cell-surface expression of monocyte/macrophage-specific markers, suggesting that ligand-modulated transcriptional induction of the p21 gene facilitates the induced differentiation of this monoblastic cell line. We believe that this is the first report demonstrating that the ectopic overexpression of a Cdk inhibitor such as p21 or p27 directly leads to a terminal differentiation program.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
WAF1, a potential mediator of p53 tumor suppression
El-Deiry, W. S., Tokino, T., Velculescu, V. E., Levy, D. B., Parsons, R., Trent, J. M., Lin, D., Mercer, W. E., Kinzler, K. W., & Vogelstein, B. (1993) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90500-p · Cited by 8,321
The Steroid and Thyroid Hormone Receptor Superfamily
Evans, R. M. (1988) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3283939 · Cited by 7,439
The p21 Cdk-interacting protein Cip1 is a potent inhibitor of G1 cyclin-dependent kinases.
Wade Harper, J. (1993) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90499-g · Cited by 5,651
A new regulatory motif in cell-cycle control causing specific inhibition of cyclin D/CDK4.
Serrano, M., Hannon, G. J., & Beach, D. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/366704a0 · Cited by 3,650
p21 is a universal inhibitor of cyclin kinases
Xiong, Y., Hannon, G. J., Zhang, H., Casso, D., Kobayashi, R., & Beach, D. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/366701a0 · Cited by 3,368
Inhibitors of mammalian G1 cyclin-dependent kinases.
Sherr, C. J., & Roberts, J. M. (1995) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.9.10.1149 · Cited by 3,243
MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF STEROID/THYROID RECEPTOR SUPERFAMILY MEMBERS
Tsai, M.-J., & O'Malley, B. W. (1994) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.63.070194.002315 · Cited by 2,932
Polyak, K., Lee, M.-H., Erdjument-Bromage, H., Koff, A., Roberts, J. M., Tempst, P., & Massagué, J. (1994) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90572-x · Cited by 2,118
Self-citationMice Lacking p21CIP1/WAF1 undergo normal development, but are defective in G1 checkpoint control
Deng, C., Zhang, P., Wade Harper, J., Elledge, S. J., & Leder, P. (1995) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90039-x · Cited by 2,113
p27, a novel inhibitor of G1 cyclin-Cdk protein kinase activity, is related to p21
Toyoshima, H., & Hunter, T. (1994) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90573-8 · Cited by 2,043
Cited by
Vitamin D and Human Health: Lessons from Vitamin D Receptor Null Mice
Bouillon, R., Carmeliet, G., Verlinden, L., van Etten, E., Verstuyf, A., Luderer, H. F., Lieben, L., Mathieu, C., & Demay, M. (2008) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2008-0004 · Cited by 1,783
Cutting Edge: 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Is a Direct Inducer of Antimicrobial Peptide Gene Expression
Wang, T.-T., Nestel, F. P., Bourdeau, V., Nagai, Y., Wang, Q., Liao, J., Tavera-Mendoza, L., Lin, R., Hanrahan, J. W., Mader, S., et al. (2004) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.173.5.2909 · Cited by 1,637
The role of vitamin D in reducing cancer risk and progression
Feldman, D., Krishnan, A. V., Swami, S., Giovannucci, E., & Feldman, B. J. (2014) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc3691 · Cited by 1,311
Enhanced Growth of Mice Lacking the Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Function of p27
Kiyokawa, H., Kineman, R. D., Manova-Todorova, K. O., Soares, V. C., Hoffman, E. S., Ono, M., Khanam, D., Hayday, A. C., Frohman, L. A., & Koff, A. (1996) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81238-6 · Cited by 1,251
Noncalcemic Actions of Vitamin D Receptor Ligands
Nagpal, S., Na, S., & Rathnachalam, R. (2005) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2004-0002 · Cited by 961
Metadata
- Authors
- Liu, M., Lee, M. H., Cohen, M., Bommakanti, M., & Freedman, L. P.
- Venue
- Genes & Development
- Publisher
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
- Published
- 1996-01-15
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 142-153
- ISSN
- 0890-9369 (ISSN-L)
- 1549-5477
- OpenAlex
- W2162741492
- Cited by
- 890
- References
- 58
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Transcriptional activation of the Cdk inhibitor p21 by vitamin D3 leads to the induced differentiation of the myelomonocytic cell line U937. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1101/gad.10.2.142
- The paper
- Liu, M., Lee, M. H., Cohen, M., Bommakanti, M., & Freedman, L. P. (1996). Transcriptional activation of the Cdk inhibitor p21 by vitamin D3 leads to the induced differentiation of the myelomonocytic cell line U937. Genes & Development. https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.10.2.142
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
