The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Involvement of the cohesin protein, Smc1, in Atm-dependent and independent responses to DNA damage
Open accessAbstract
Structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) proteins play important roles in sister chromatid cohesion, chromosome condensation, sex-chromosome dosage compensation, and DNA recombination and repair. Protein complexes containing heterodimers of the Smc1 and Smc3 proteins have been implicated specifically in both sister chromatid cohesion and DNA recombination. Here, we show that the protein kinase, Atm, which belongs to a family of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases that regulate cell cycle checkpoints and DNA recombination and repair, phosphorylates Smc1 protein after ionizing irradiation. Atm phosphorylates Smc1 on serines 957 and 966 in vitro and in vivo, and expression of an Smc1 protein mutated at these phosphorylation sites abrogates the ionizing irradiation-induced S phase cell cycle checkpoint. Optimal phosphorylation of these sites in Smc1 after ionizing irradiation also requires the presence of the Atm substrates Nbs1 and Brca1. These same sites in Smc1 are phosphorylated after treatment with UV irradiation or hydroxyurea in an Atm-independent manner, thus demonstrating that another kinase must be involved in responses to these cellular stresses. Yeast containing hypomorphic mutations in SMC1 and human cells overexpressing Smc1 mutated at both of these phosphorylation sites exhibit decreased survival following ionizing irradiation. These results demonstrate that Smc1 participates in cellular responses to DNA damage and link Smc1 to the Atm signal transduction pathway.
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Cites
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“1996) has had a major impact on models of tumor development involving p53 mutations and on studies evaluating tumor responses to therapy based on the presence or absence of p53 mutations (Vogelstein et al. 2000).”
BackgroundThe DNA damage response: putting checkpoints in perspective
Zhou, B.-B. S., & Elledge, S. J. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35044005 · Cited by 3,213
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“For example, linking the p53 protein to cellular responses to DNA damage (Kastan et al. 1992) and other cellular stresses (Graeber et al.”
BackgroundSelf-citationHypoxia-mediated selection of cells with diminished apoptotic potential in solid tumours
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“reported that the Brca1 supercomplex (BASC) contains many of these proteins (Wang et al. 2000) and it is reasonable to speculate that it could also contain Smc1 protein.”
BackgroundThe ATM-Chk2-Cdc25A checkpoint pathway guards against radioresistant DNA synthesis
Falck, J., Mailand, N., Syljuåsen, R. G., Bartek, J., & Lukas, J. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35071124 · Cited by 1,085
A role for ATR in the DNA damage-induced phosphorylation of p53
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DNA damage induces phosphorylation of the amino terminus of p53
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Self-citationSubstrate Specificities and Identification of Putative Substrates of ATM Kinase Family Members
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Self-citationATM-dependent phosphorylation of Mdm2 on serine 395: role in p53 activation by DNA damage
Maya, R., Balass, M., Kim, S.-T., Shkedy, D., Leal, J.-F. M., Shifman, O., Moas, M., Buschmann, T., Ronai, Z., Shiloh, Y., et al. (2001) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.886901 · Cited by 731 · cited 7×
“Perhaps the situation is analogous to the Atm-dependent G1 checkpoint in which Atm apparently simultaneously phosphorylates multiple proteins (p53, Chk2, and Mdm2) to cause the arrest (Kastan and Lim 2000).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citation
Cited by
DNA damage activates ATM through intermolecular autophosphorylation and dimer dissociation
Bakkenist, C. J., & Kastan, M. B. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01368 · Cited by 3,466
Self-citationMolecular Mechanisms of Mammalian DNA Repair and the DNA Damage Checkpoints
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ATM and ATR Substrate Analysis Reveals Extensive Protein Networks Responsive to DNA Damage
Matsuoka, S., Ballif, B. A., Smogorzewska, A., McDonald, E. R., Hurov, K. E., Luo, J., Bakalarski, C. E., Zhao, Z., Solimini, N., Lerenthal, Y., et al. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1140321 · Cited by 3,075
Cell-cycle checkpoints and cancer
Kastan, M. B., & Bartek, J. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03097 · Cited by 2,836
Self-citationDNA damage response as a candidate anti-cancer barrier in early human tumorigenesis
Bartkova, J., Hořejší, Z., Koed, K., Krämer, A., Tort, F., Zieger, K., Guldberg, P., Sehested, M., Nesland, J. M., Lukas, C., et al. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03482 · Cited by 2,688
Metadata
- Authors
- Kim, S.-T., Xu, B., & Kastan, M. B.
- Venue
- Genes & Development
- Publisher
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
- Published
- 2002-03-01
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 560-570
- ISSN
- 0890-9369 (ISSN-L)
- 1549-5477
- OpenAlex
- W2118457124
- Cited by
- 583
- References
- 12
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
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