Bacillus subtilis During Feast and Famine: Visualization of the Overall Regulation of Protein Synthesis During Glucose Starvation by Proteome Analysis
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Dual channel imaging and warping of two-dimensional (2D) protein gels were used to visualize global changes of the gene expression patterns in growing Bacillus subtilis cells during entry into the stationary phase as triggered by glucose exhaustion. The 2D gels only depict single moments during the cells' growth cycle, but a sequential series of overlays obtained at specific points of the growth curve facilitates visualization of the developmental processes at the proteomics scale. During glucose starvation a substantial reprogramming of the protein synthesis pattern was found, with 150 proteins synthesized de novo and cessation of the synthesis of almost 400 proteins. Proteins induced following glucose starvation belong to two main regulation groups: general stress/starvation responses induced by different stresses or starvation stimuli (ς B-dependent general stress regulon, stringent response, sporulation), and glucose-starvation-specific responses (drop in glycolysis, utilization of alternative carbon sources, gluconeogenesis). Using the dual channel approach, it was not only possible to identify those regulons or stimulons, but also to follow the fate of each single protein by the three-color code: red, newly induced but not yet accumulated; yellow, synthesized and accumulated; and green, still present, but no longer being synthesized. These green proteins, which represent a substantial part of the protein pool in the nongrowing cell, are not accessible by using DNA arrays. The combination of 2D gel electrophoresis and MALDI TOF mass spectrometry with the dual channel imaging technique provides a new and comprehensive view of the physiology of growing or starving bacterial cell populations, here for the case of the glucose-starvation response. [This is presented as a movie of B. subtilis's growth/glucose-starvation response, available at www.genome.org and also at http://microbio1.biologie.uni-greifswald.de/starv/movie.htm.]
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A systematic and comprehensive analysis of proteome changes during growth and ethanol stress in E. coli has not been performed.
“Despite the fact that previous studies monitored bacterial proteome changes in response to various stresses and growth conditions (Bernhardt et al., 2003; Lee et al., 2006; Soufi et al., 2010; Soares et al., 2013), a systematic and comprehensive analysis of proteome changes during growth, and ethanol stress in E. coli has not been performed.”
From Characterization of the E. coli proteome and its modifications during growth and ethanol stress (2015) · cites this paper as Bernhardt et al., 2003
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References 40 · Cited by 125
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Price, C.W. 2000. Protective function and regulation of the general stress response in Bacillus subtilis and related Gram-positive bacteria. In Bacterial stress responses (eds. G. Storz and R. Hengge-Aronis), pp. 179-197. ASM Press, Washington, DC.
- Sonenshein, A.L. 2000. Bacterial sporulation: A response to environmental signals. In Bacterial stress responses (eds. G. Storz and R. Hengge-Aronis), pp. 199-221. ASM Press, Washington, DC.
- Werner, H. and Bernhardt, J. 1998. WWW-basierte Proteindatenbank des Bacillus subtilis. In Datenbanken in Rechnernetzen (ed. A. Fro ¨hlich), pp. 253-282. GingkoPark Mediengesellschaft, Berlin, Germany.
- Authors
- Bernhardt, J., Weibezahn, J., Scharf, C., & Hecker, M.
- Affiliations
- Heidelberg University (DE)
- Venue
- Genome Research
- Publisher
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
- Published
- 2003-02-01
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 224-237
- ISSN
- 1088-9051 (ISSN-L)
- 1549-5469
- PMC
- PMC420377
- OpenAlex
- W2056099004
- Cited by
- 125
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 5
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Genome Research (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- European Commission (QLG2-CT-1999-01455)
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Keywords
- Bacillus subtilis, glucose deprivation, protein synthesis regulation, stationary phase, dual-channel imaging, stringent response, sporulation, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, alternative carbon sources, stress response, bacterial proteome
- MeSH terms
- Bacillus subtilis, Bacterial Proteins, Culture Media, Glucose, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Peptide Biosynthesis, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Spores, Bacterial, Transcription Factors, Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, Oxidative Stress, Bacterial Physiological Phenomena, Proteome, Gene Expression Profiling
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