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Stability of the Adiabatic Motion of Charged Particles in the Earth's Field
Abstract
The motion of charged particles in a magnetic field such that of the earth or that of a magnetic mirror machine is discussed. It is shown that during the motion and drift of a relativistic particle, not only the magnetic moment, but also a longitudinal invariant and an additional flux invariant are adiabatically conserved. These conservation laws lead to retention of the particles in the field. The derivation of the adiabatic invariants leads to a set of equations of motion which describe the average drift of the particles from one force line to the other, and which also describe the changes that occur in the energies and periods associated with the motion. In the absence of scattering, loss of particles from the magnetic field will be due to the violation of the adiabatic laws.
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Citations
Cited by
Coordinates for mapping the distribution of magnetically trapped particles
McIlwain, C. E. (1961) · Journal of Geophysical Research · doi:10.1029/jz066i011p03681 · Cited by 1,015
Effects of time-dependent electric fields on geomagnetically trapped radiation
Fälthammar, C.-G. (1965) · Journal of Geophysical Research · doi:10.1029/jz070i011p02503 · Cited by 375
Earth's Van Allen Radiation Belts: From Discovery to the Van Allen Probes Era
Li, W., & Hudson, M. K. (2019) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics · doi:10.1029/2018ja025940 · Cited by 310
Metadata
- Authors
- Northrop, T. G., & Teller, E.
- Venue
- Physical Review
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 1960-01-01
- Volume
- 117
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 215-225
- ISSN
- 0031-899X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2022224581
- Cited by
- 353
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 32.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Stability of the Adiabatic Motion of Charged Particles in the Earth's Field. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1103/physrev.117.215
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- Northrop, T. G., & Teller, E. (1960). Stability of the Adiabatic Motion of Charged Particles in the Earth's Field. Physical Review. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.117.215
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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