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Irreversibility and Generalized Noise
Abstract
A relation is obtained between the generalized resistance and the fluctuations of the generalized forces in linear dissipative systems. This relation forms the extension of the Nyquist relation for the voltage fluctuations in electrical impedances. The general formalism is illustrated by applications to several particular types of systems, including Brownian motion, electric field fluctuations in the vacuum, and pressure fluctuations in a gas.
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Citations
Cited by
Kubo, R. (1957) · Journal of the Physical Society of Japan · doi:10.1143/jpsj.12.570 · Cited by 9,441
Thermal Fluctuations of a Single-Domain Particle
Brown, W. F. (1963) · Physical Review · doi:10.1103/physrev.130.1677 · Cited by 3,374
Description of States in Quantum Mechanics by Density Matrix and Operator Techniques
Fano, U. (1957) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.29.74 · Cited by 1,975
Theory of Many-Particle Systems. I
Martin, P. C., & Schwinger, J. (1959) · Physical Review · doi:10.1103/physrev.115.1342 · Cited by 1,816
Hu, B. L., Paz, J. P., & Zhang, Y. (1992) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.45.2843 · Cited by 996
Metadata
- Authors
- Callen, H. B., & Welton, T. A.
- Venue
- Physical Review
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 1951-07-01
- Volume
- 83
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 34-40
- ISSN
- 0031-899X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2050730625
- Cited by
- 3,051
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 25.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Irreversibility and Generalized Noise. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1103/physrev.83.34
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- Callen, H. B., & Welton, T. A. (1951). Irreversibility and Generalized Noise. Physical Review. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.83.34
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
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Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
