Optical Constants of the Noble Metals

Johnson, P. B., Christy, R. W.·1972·Physical Review B

Cited by (1,018)

Items 201–300 of 1,018

  1. An electromagnetic multipole expansion beyond the long-wavelength approximation
    Rasoul Alaee, Carsten Rockstuhl, Ivan Fernandez‐Corbaton · 2017 · Optics Communications
  2. Plasmonic Circular Dichroism of Chiral Metal Nanoparticle Assemblies
    Zhiyuan Fan, Alexander O. Govorov · 2010 · Nano Letters
  3. Silver Nanoshells: Variations in Morphologies and Optical Properties
    J. B. Jackson, Naomi J. Halas · 2001 · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B
  4. Nonequilibrium electron dynamics in noble metals
    Natalia Del Fatti, Christophe Voisin, Marc Achermann, Stelios Tzortzakis, D. Christofilos, Fabrice Vallée · 2000 · Physical review. B, Condensed matter
  5. Harnessing plasmonics for solar cells
    Martin Andrew Green, Supriya Pillai · 2012 · Nature Photonics
  6. Reversing the size-dependence of surface plasmon resonances
    Sheng Peng, Jeffrey Michael McMahon, George Chappell Schatz, Stephen K. Gray, Yugang Sun · 2010 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
  7. Discrete dipole approximation for calculating extinction and Raman intensities for small particles with arbitrary shapes
    Wen-Hui Yang, George Chappell Schatz, Richard P. Van Duyne · 1995 · The Journal of Chemical Physics
  8. The effect of nanowire length and diameter on the properties of transparent, conducting nanowire films
    Stephen M. Bergin, Yuhui Chen, Aaron R. Rathmell, Patrick Charbonneau, Zhiyuan Li, Benjamin J. Wiley · 2012 · Nanoscale
  9. Ultra-high-Q resonances in plasmonic metasurfaces
    M. Saad Bin-Alam, Orad Reshef, Yaryna Mamchur, M. Zahirul Alam, Graham Carlow, Jeremy Upham, Brian T. Sullivan, Jean-Michel Ménard, Mikko J. Huttunen, Robert W. Boyd et al. · 2021 · Nature Communications
  10. Engineering metallic nanostructures for plasmonics and nanophotonics
    Nathan C. Lindquist, Prashant Nagpal, Kevin M. McPeak, David J. Norris, Sang‐Hyun Oh · 2012 · Reports on Progress in Physics
  11. Shape-dependent plasmon resonances of gold nanoparticles
    Colleen L. Nehl, Jason H. Hafner · 2008 · Journal of Materials Chemistry
  12. Plasmonic computing of spatial differentiation
    Tengfeng Zhu, Yihan Zhou, Yijie Lou, Hui Ye, Min Qiu, Zhichao Ruan, Shanhui Fan · 2017 · Nature Communications
  13. Gold, Platinum, and Aluminum Nanodisk Plasmons: Material Independence, Subradiance, and Damping Mechanisms
    Igor Zorić, Michael Zäch, B. Kasemo, Christoph Langhammer · 2011 · ACS Nano
  14. Close Encounters between Two Nanoshells
    J. Britt Lassiter, Javier Aizpurua, Luis I. Hernandez, Daniel W. Brandl, Isabel Romero, Surbhi Lal, Jason H. Hafner, Peter J. Nordlander, Naomi J. Halas · 2008 · Nano Letters
  15. High-Q surface-plasmon-polariton whispering-gallery microcavity
    Bumki Min, Eric P. Ostby, Volker J. Sorger, Erick Ulin-Avila, Lan Yang, Xiang Zhang, Kerry J. Vahala · 2009 · Nature
  16. Plasmonic Nanoclusters: Near Field Properties of the Fano Resonance Interrogated with SERS
    Jian Ye, Fangfang Wen, Heidar Sobhani, J. Britt Lassiter, Pol Van Dorpe, Peter J. Nordlander, Naomi J. Halas · 2012 · Nano Letters
  17. The Optimal Aspect Ratio of Gold Nanorods for Plasmonic Bio-sensing
    Jan Becker, Andreas Trügler, Árpád Jakab, Ulrich Hohenester, Carsten Sönnichsen · 2010 · Plasmonics
  18. Distribution of silver in rats following 28 days of repeated oral exposure to silver nanoparticles or silver acetate
    Katrin Loeschner, Niels Hadrup, Klaus Qvortrup, Agnete Larsen, Xueyun Gao, Ulla Birgitte Vogel, Alicja Mortensen, Henrik Rye Lam, Erik Huusfeldt Larsen · 2011 · Particle and Fibre Toxicology
  19. What’s so Hot about Electrons in Metal Nanoparticles?
    Gregory V. Hartland, Lucas V. Besteiro, Paul Johns, Alexander O. Govorov · 2017 · ACS Energy Letters
  20. Optical manipulation of nanoparticles: a review
    Maria Dienerowitz, Michaël Mazilu, Kishan Dholakia · 2008 · Journal of Nanophotonics
  21. One-step Solution Processing of Ag, Au and Pd@MXene Hybrids for SERS
    Elumalai Satheeshkumar, Taron Makaryan, Armen Melikyan, Hayk Minassian, Yury G. Gogotsi, Masahiro Yoshimura · 2016 · Scientific Reports
  22. Shaping Emission Spectra of Fluorescent Molecules with Single Plasmonic Nanoresonators
    Moritz Ringler, A. Schwemer, M. Wunderlich, Alfons Nichtl, K. Kürzinger, Thomas Arno Klar, Jochen Feldmann · 2008 · Physical Review Letters
  23. Bianisotropic Metasurfaces for Optimal Polarization Control: Analysis and Synthesis
    Carl Pfeiffer, Anthony Grbic · 2014 · Physical Review Applied
  24. Omnidirectional absorption in nanostructured metal surfaces
    T. V. Teperik, F. Javier Garcı́a de Abajo, Andrei G. Borisov, Mamdouh Elsayed Abdelsalam, Phil N. Bartlett, Y. Sugawara, Jeremy J. Baumberg · 2008 · Nature Photonics
  25. Composite structures for the enhancement of nonlinear-optical susceptibility
    A. E. Neeves, Meyer H. Birnboim · 1989 · Journal of the Optical Society of America B
  26. Substrates Matter: Influence of an Adjacent Dielectric on an Individual Plasmonic Nanoparticle
    Mark W. Knight, Yanpeng Wu, J. Britt Lassiter, Peter J. Nordlander, Naomi J. Halas · 2009 · Nano Letters
  27. Radiative decay engineering 3. Surface plasmon-coupled directional emission
    Joseph R. Lakowicz · 2003 · Analytical Biochemistry
  28. Inelastic tunneling excitation of tip-induced plasmon modes on noble-metal surfaces
    Richard L. Berndt, James Kazimierz Gimzewski, Peter Johansson · 1991 · Physical Review Letters
  29. Breaking the limitation of polarization multiplexing in optical metasurfaces with engineered noise
    Bo Xiong, Yu Liu, Yihao Xu, Lin Deng, Chao‐Wei Chen, Jianan Wang, Ru‐Wen Peng, Yun Lai, Yongmin Liu, Mu Wang · 2023 · Science
  30. Electrically Tunable Plasmonic Behavior of Nanocube–Polymer Nanomaterials Induced by a Redox-Active Electrochromic Polymer
    Tobias A. F. König, Petr A. Ledin, Justin A. Kerszulis, Mahmoud. A. Mahmoud, Mostafa A. El‐Sayed, John R. Reynolds, Vladimir V. Tsukruk · 2014 · ACS Nano
  31. Large spontaneous emission enhancement in plasmonic nanocavities
    Kasey J. Russell, Tsung‐Li Liu, Shanying Cui, Evelyn L. Hu · 2012 · Nature Photonics
  32. Optical characterization of single plasmonic nanoparticles
    Jana M. Olson, Sergio Domínguez-Medina, Anneli Hoggard, Lin-Yung Wang, Wei‐Shun Chang, Stephan Link · 2014 · Chemical Society Reviews
  33. Planar metal plasmon waveguides: frequency-dependent dispersion, propagation, localization, and loss beyond the free electron model
    Jennifer A. Dionne, Luke A. Sweatlock, Harry A. Atwater, Albert Polman · 2005 · Physical Review B
  34. Synthesis and Optical Characterization of Au/Ag Core/Shell Nanorods
    Mingzhao Liu, Philippe Guyot‐Sionnest · 2004 · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B
  35. Real-time tunable lasing from plasmonic nanocavity arrays
    Ankun Yang, Thang B. Hoang, Montacer Dridi, Claire Deeb, Maiken H. Mikkelsen, George Chappell Schatz, Teri W. Odom · 2015 · Nature Communications
  36. Atomically flat single-crystalline gold nanostructures for plasmonic nanocircuitry
    Jer‐Shing Huang, Victor Callegari, Peter Geisler, Christoph Brüning, Johannes Kern, Jord C. Prangsma, Xiaofei Wu, Thorsten Feichtner, J. F. Ziegler, Pia Weinmann et al. · 2010 · Nature Communications
  37. Aligned silver nanorod arrays produce high sensitivity surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates
    Stephen B. Chaney, Saratchandra Shanmukh, Richard A. Dluhy, Yiping Zhao · 2005 · Applied Physics Letters
  38. Digital metamaterials
    Cristian Della Giovampaola, Nader Engheta · 2014 · Nature Materials
  39. Plasmon-Assisted Photocurrent Generation from Visible to Near-Infrared Wavelength Using a Au-Nanorods/TiO 2 Electrode
    Yoshiaki Nishijima, Kosei Ueno, Yukie Yokota, Kei Murakoshi, Hiroaki Misawa · 2010 · The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
  40. Micelle-directed chiral seeded growth on anisotropic gold nanocrystals
    Guillermo González‐Rubio, Jesús Mosquera, Vished Kumar, Adrián Pedrazo‐Tardajos, Pablo Llombart, Diego M. Solís, Iván Lobato, Eva G. Noya, Andrés Guerrero‐Martínez, Jose Manuel Taboada et al. · 2020 · Science
  41. Engineering the optical response of plasmonic nanoantennas
    Holger Fischer, Olivier J. F. Martin · 2008 · Optics Express
  42. Expanding generality of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy with borrowing SERS activity strategy
    Zhong‐Qun Tian, Bin W. Ren, Jian‐Feng Li, Zhilin Yang · 2007 · Chemical Communications
  43. Palladium-Based Plasmonic Perfect Absorber in the Visible Wavelength Range and Its Application to Hydrogen Sensing
    Andreas Tittl, Patrick Mai, Richard Dieter Taubert, Daniel Drégely, Na Liu, Harald W. Giessen · 2011 · Nano Letters
  44. Enhanced fields on large metal particles: dynamic depolarization
    M. Meier, Alexander J. Wokaun · 1983 · Optics Letters
  45. Nanophotonic Crescent Moon Structures with Sharp Edge for Ultrasensitive Biomolecular Detection by Local Electromagnetic Field Enhancement Effect
    Y. Lu, Gang Logan Liu, Jaeyoun Jay Kim, Yara X. Mejia, Luke P. Lee · 2004 · Nano Letters
  46. Plasmon emission in photoexcited gold nanoparticles
    E. Dulkeith, T. Niedereichholz, Thomas Arno Klar, Jochen Feldmann, G. von Plessen, David I. Gittins, K. Subramanya Mayya, Frank Caruso · 2004 · Physical Review B
  47. Optical pulse propagation in metal nanoparticle chain waveguides
    Stefan Alexander Maier, Pieter G. Kik, Harry A. Atwater · 2003 · Physical review. B, Condensed matter
  48. Theory and computation of hot carriers generated by surface plasmon polaritons in noble metals
    Marco Bernardi, Jamal I. Mustafa, Jeffrey B. Neaton, Steven G. Louie · 2015 · Nature Communications
  49. Periodic nanostructures for photonics
    Kurt Busch, Georg von Freymann, Stefan Lindén, Sergei F. Mingaleev, Lasha Tkeshelashvili, Martin Wegener · 2007 · Physics Reports
  50. Plasmonic Solar Cells: From Rational Design to Mechanism Overview
    Yoon Hee Jang, Yu Jin Jang, Seokhyoung Kim, Li Na Quan, Kyungwha Chung, Dong Ha Kim · 2016 · Chemical Reviews
  51. Spherical hyperlens for two-dimensional sub-diffractional imaging at visible frequencies
    Junsuk Rho, Ziliang Ye, Yi Xiong, Xiaobo Yin, Zhaowei Liu, Hyeunseok Choi, Guy Bartal, Xiang Zhang · 2010 · Nature Communications
  52. Nonlocal optical response in metallic nanostructures
    Søren Raza, Sergey I. Bozhevolnyi, Martijn Wubs, N. Asger Mortensen · 2015 · Journal of Physics Condensed Matter
  53. Second harmonic generation studies of interfacial structure and dynamics
    Geraldine L. Richmond, Jeanne M. Robinson, Victoria L. Shannon · 1988 · Progress in Surface Science
  54. Observation of Intrinsic Size Effects in the Optical Response of Individual Gold Nanoparticles
    Stéphane Berciaud, Laurent Cognet, Philippe Tamarat, Brahim Lounis · 2005 · Nano Letters
  55. Heterodimers: Plasmonic Properties of Mismatched Nanoparticle Pairs
    Lisa V. Brown, Heidar Sobhani, J. Britt Lassiter, Peter J. Nordlander, Naomi J. Halas · 2010 · ACS Nano
  56. Sensitivity Enhancement of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides/Silicon Nanostructure-based Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor
    Qingling Ouyang, Shuwen Zeng, Li Jiang, Liying Hong, Gaixia Xu, Xuan Quyen Dinh, Jun Qian, Sailing He, Junle Qu, Philippe Coquet et al. · 2016 · Scientific Reports
  57. Ultrafast and energy-efficient all-optical switching with graphene-loaded deep-subwavelength plasmonic waveguides
    Masaaki Ono, Masanori Hata, Masato Tsunekawa, Kengo Nozaki, Hisashi Sumikura, Hisashi Chiba, Masaya Notomi · 2019 · Nature Photonics
  58. Light trapping in mesoporous solar cells with plasmonic nanostructures
    William R. Erwin, Holly F. Zarick, Eric M. Talbert, Rizia Bardhan · 2016 · Energy & Environmental Science
  59. Large-Scale Hot Spot Engineering for Quantitative SERS at the Single-Molecule Scale
    Hung-Ying Chen, Meng-Hsien Lin, Chunyuan Wang, Yu‐Ming Chang, Shangjr Gwo · 2015 · Journal of the American Chemical Society
  60. Surface-Enhanced Infrared Spectroscopy: The Origin of the Absorption Enhancement and Band Selection Rule in the Infrared Spectra of Molecules Adsorbed on Fine Metal Particles
    Masatoshi Osawa, Kenichi Ataka, Katsumasa Yoshii, Yuji Nishikawa · 1993 · Applied Spectroscopy
  61. Optical properties of small inorganic and organic metal particles
    G. C. Papavassiliou · 1979 · Progress in Solid State Chemistry
  62. Propagation of optical excitations by dipolar interactions in metal nanoparticle chains
    W. Weber, G. W. Ford · 2004 · Physical Review B
  63. Seeded Growth Synthesis of Uniform Gold Nanoparticles with Diameters of 15−300 nm
    Christoph Ziegler, Alexander Eychmüller · 2011 · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C
  64. Nanosecond Photothermal Effects in Plasmonic Nanostructures
    Xi Chen, Yiting Chen, Min Yan, Min Qiu · 2012 · ACS Nano
  65. Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption
    Masatoshi Osawa · 2007 · Springer eBooks
  66. Plasmon resonances in large noble-metal clusters
    Carsten Sönnichsen, Thomas Franzl, Tatjana Wilk, G. von Plessen, Jochen Feldmann · 2002 · New Journal of Physics
  67. Nanofluid-based optical filter optimization for PV/T systems
    Robert A. Taylor, Todd Otanicar, Gary Rosengarten · 2012 · Light Science & Applications
  68. A comparison of graphene, superconductors and metals as conductors for metamaterials and plasmonics
    Philippe Tassin, Thomas Koschny, Maria Kafesaki, Costas M. Soukoulis · 2012 · Nature Photonics
  69. Size-Dependent Photothermal Conversion Efficiencies of Plasmonically Heated Gold Nanoparticles
    Ke Jiang, David A. Smith, Anatoliy O. Pinchuk · 2013 · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C
  70. Tuning the scattering response of optical nanoantennas with nanocircuit loads
    Andrea Alù, Nader Engheta · 2008 · Nature Photonics
  71. Enhanced thermal stability of silica-coated gold nanorods for photoacoustic imaging and image-guided therapy
    Yun‐Sheng Chen, Wolfgang U. Frey, Seungsoo Kim, Kimberly A. Homan, Pieter Kruizinga, Konstantin Sokolov, Stanislav Emelianov · 2010 · Optics Express
  72. Coupling of Optical Resonances in a Compositionally Asymmetric Plasmonic Nanoparticle Dimer
    Sassan N. Sheikholeslami, Young‐wook Jun, Prashant K. Jain, A. Paul Alivisatos · 2010 · Nano Letters
  73. Observation of Plasmon Propagation, Redirection, and Fan-Out in Silver Nanowires
    Aric W. Sanders, David Aaron Routenberg, Benjamin J. Wiley, Younan Xia A, Eric R. Dufresne, Mark A. Reed · 2006 · Nano Letters
  74. Tunable subradiant lattice plasmons by out-of-plane dipolar interactions
    Wei Min Zhou, Teri W. Odom · 2011 · Nature Nanotechnology
  75. The Most Effective Gold Nanorod Size for Plasmonic Photothermal Therapy: Theory and In Vitro Experiments
    Megan A. Mackey, Moustafa R. K. Ali, Lauren A. Austin, Rachel D. Near, Mostafa A. El‐Sayed · 2014 · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B
  76. Raman spectroscopy: techniques and applications in the life sciences
    Dustin W. Shipp, Faris Sinjab, Ioan Notingher · 2017 · Advances in Optics and Photonics
  77. Biomedical Applications of Plasmon Resonant Metal Nanoparticles
    Hongwei Liao, Colleen L. Nehl, Jason H. Hafner · 2006 · Nanomedicine
  78. Optical constants and structural properties of thin gold films
    Dmitry I. Yakubovsky, Aleksey V. Arsenin, Yury V. Stebunov, Dmitry Yu. Fedyanin, Valentyn S. Volkov · 2017 · Optics Express
  79. Plasmon-Enhanced Formic Acid Dehydrogenation Using Anisotropic Pd–Au Nanorods Studied at the Single-Particle Level
    Zhaoke Zheng, Takashi Tachikawa, Tetsuro Majima · 2014 · Journal of the American Chemical Society
  80. Near-zero-index materials for photonics
    Nathaniel Kinsey, Clayton DeVault, Alexandra E. Boltasseva, Vladimir M. Shalaev · 2019 · Nature Reviews Materials
  81. Wave–particle duality of single surface plasmon polaritons
    Roman L. Kolesov, Bernhard Grotz, Gopalakrishnan Balasubramanian, Rainer Stöhr, Aurélien A. L. Nicolet, Philip Hemmer, Fedor Jelezko, Jörg Wrachtrup · 2009 · Nature Physics
  82. A review of the optical properties of alloys and intermetallics for plasmonics
    M G Blaber, M D Arnold, Michael J. Ford · 2010 · Journal of Physics Condensed Matter
  83. Controlling the optical response of regular arrays of gold particles for surface-enhanced Raman scattering
    Nordin Félidj, J. Aubard, Georges Lévi, Joachim R. Krenn, Marco Salerno, Gerburg Schider, Bernhard Lamprecht, A. Leitner, F. R. Aussenegg · 2002 · Physical review. B, Condensed matter
  84. Raman spectra of size-selected silicon clusters and comparison with calculated structures
    Eric C. Honea, Atsushi Ogura, Cherry Ann Murray, Krishnan Raghavachari, W. O. Sprenger, Martin F. Jarrold, W. L. Brown · 1993 · Nature
  85. Mapping the Plasmon Resonances of Metallic Nanoantennas
    Garnett W. Bryant, F. Javier Garcı́a de Abajo, Javier Aizpurua · 2008 · Nano Letters
  86. Local fields at the surface of noble-metal microspheres
    B. J. Messinger, K.U. Von Raben, Richard K. Chang, Peter W. Barber · 1981 · Physical review. B, Condensed matter
  87. All-Optical Logic Gates Based on Nanoscale Plasmonic Slot Waveguides
    Yulan Fu, Xiaoyong Hu, Cuicui Lu, Song Yue, Hong Yang, Qihuang Gong · 2012 · Nano Letters
  88. Surface Plasmon Bragg Gratings Formed in Metal-Insulator-Metal Waveguides
    Zhanghua Han, Erik Forsberg, Sailing He · 2007 · IEEE Photonics Technology Letters
  89. Correlated metals as transparent conductors
    Lei Zhang, Yuanjun Zhou, Lu Guo, Weiwei Zhao, Anna Barnes, Haitian Zhang, Craig Eaton, Yuanxia Zheng, Matthew Brahlek, Hamna F. Haneef et al. · 2015 · Nature Materials
  90. Surface enhanced Raman scattering in the near infrared using metal nanoshell substrates
    Steven J. Oldenburg, Sarah L. Westcott, Richard D. Averitt, Naomi J. Halas · 1999 · The Journal of Chemical Physics
  91. Distinguishing between plasmon-induced and photoexcited carriers in a device geometry
    Bob Y. Zheng, Hangqi Zhao, Alejandro Manjavacas, Michael J. McClain, Peter J. Nordlander, Naomi J. Halas · 2015 · Nature Communications
  92. Au Nanomatryoshkas as Efficient Near-Infrared Photothermal Transducers for Cancer Treatment: Benchmarking against Nanoshells
    Ciceron Ayala‐Orozco, Cordula Urban, Mark W. Knight, Alexander S. Urban, Oara Neumann, Sandra Whaley Bishnoi, Shaunak Mukherjee, Amanda M. Goodman, Heather Charron, Tamika Mitchell et al. · 2014 · ACS Nano
  93. Synthesis and Optical Properties of Gold Nanodecahedra with Size Control
    Ana Sánchez‐Iglesias, Isabel Pastoriza‐Santos, Jorge Pérez‐Juste, Benito Rodríguez‐González, F. Javier Garcı́a de Abajo, Luis M. Liz‐Marzán · 2006 · Advanced Materials
  94. Biosensing Based on Light Absorption of Nanoscaled Gold and Silver Particles
    Filip Frederix, Jean‐Michel Friedt, Kang‐Hoon Choi, Wim Laureyn, Andrew Campitelli, D. Mondelaers, Guido Maes, Gustaaf Borghs · 2003 · Analytical Chemistry
  95. Magnetic−Plasmonic Core−Shell Nanoparticles
    Carly S. Levin, Cristina Hofmann, Tamer A. Ali, Anna T. Kelly, E. Morosan, Peter J. Nordlander, Kenton H. Whitmire, Naomi J. Halas · 2009 · ACS Nano
  96. Photothermal Efficiencies of Nanoshells and Nanorods for Clinical Therapeutic Applications
    Joseph R. Cole, Nikolay A. Mirin, Mark W. Knight, Glenn P. Goodrich, Naomi J. Halas · 2009 · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C
  97. Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) of Surface Plasmons in Single Silver Nanoparticles and Dimers: Influence of Beam Damage and Mapping of Dark Modes
    Ai Leen Koh, Kui Bao, Imran Khan, W. Ewen Smith, Gerald Kothleitner, Peter J. Nordlander, Stefan Alexander Maier, David W. McComb · 2009 · ACS Nano
  98. Numerical Analysis of a Photonic Crystal Fiber for Biosensing Applications
    Emmanuel Kofi Akowuah, T. Gorman, Hüseyin Ademgil, Shyqyri Haxha, Gary K. Robinson, Jennifer Oliver · 2012 · IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics
  99. Optical amplification of photothermal therapy with gold nanoparticles and nanoclusters
    Boris N. Khlebtsov, Vladimir P. Zharov, Andrei Melnikov, Valery Victorovich Tuchin, Nikolai G. Khlebtsov · 2006 · Nanotechnology
  100. High Performance Bianisotropic Metasurfaces: Asymmetric Transmission of Light
    Carl Pfeiffer, Cheng Zhang, Vishva Ray, L. Jay Guo, Anthony Grbic · 2014 · Physical Review Letters