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Cited by 204

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Gauged Q balls

Lee, Kimyeong, Stein-Schabes, Jaime A., Watkins, Richard, Widrow, Lawrence M.·1989·Physical Review D
DOI 10.1103/physrevd.39.1665
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Abstract

Classical nontopological soliton configurations are considered within the theory of a complex scalar field with a gauged U(1) symmetry. Their existence and stability against dispersion are demonstrated and some of their properties are investigated analytically and numerically. The soliton configuration is such that inside the soliton the local U(1) symmetry is broken, the gauge field becomes massive, and for a range of values of the coupling constants the soliton becomes a superconductor pushing the charge to the surface. Furthermore, because of the repulsive Coulomb force, there is a maximum size for these objects, making impossible the existence of Q matter in bulk form. We also briefly discuss solitons with fermions in a U(1) gauge theory.

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Metadata

Authors
Lee, K., Stein-Schabes, J. A., Watkins, R., & Widrow, L. M.
Venue
Physical Review D
Publisher
American Physical Society (APS)
Published
1989-03-15
Volume
39
Issue
6
Pages
1665-1673
ISSN
0556-2821 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1103/physrevd.39.1665
OpenAlex
W1986365648
Cited by
204
References
0
FWCI
2.33
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Gauged Q balls. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1103/physrevd.39.1665
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Lee, K., Stein-Schabes, J. A., Watkins, R., & Widrow, L. M. (1989). Gauged Q balls. Physical Review D. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.39.1665

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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

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