Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 761

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Minimal dynamical symmetry breaking of the standard model

Bardeen, William A., Hill, Christopher T., Lindner, Manfred·1990·Physical Review D

Abstract

We formulate the dynamical symmetry breaking of the standard model by a top-quark condensate in analogy with BCS theory. The low-energy effective Lagrangian is the usual standard model with supplemental relationships connecting masses of the top quark, $W$ boson, and Higgs boson which now appears as a $\overline{t}t$ bound state. Precise predictions for ${m}_{t}$ and ${m}_{H}$ are obtained by abstracting the compositeness condition for the Higgs boson to boundary conditions on the renormalization-group equations for the full standard model at high energy.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1103/physrevd.41.1647

Cites

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cited by

See all 761

Metadata

Authors
Bardeen, W. A., Hill, C. T., & Lindner, M.
Venue
Physical Review D
Published
1990-03-01
Volume
41
Issue
5
Pages
1647-1660
ISSN
0556-2821 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2157862473
Cited by
761
References
0
FWCI
42.20
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Minimal dynamical symmetry breaking of the standard model. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1103/physrevd.41.1647
The paper
Bardeen, W. A., Hill, C. T., & Lindner, M. (1990). Minimal dynamical symmetry breaking of the standard model. Physical Review D. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.41.1647

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.