The DOI matches its Crossref record; 17 of the 17 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Black hole relics and inflation: Limits on blue perturbation spectra
Open accessAbstract
Blue primordial power spectra have spectral index n>1 and arise naturally in the recently proposed hybrid inflationary scenario. An observational upper limit on n is derived by normalizing the spectrum at the quadrupole scale and considering the possible overproduction of Planck mass relics formed in the final stage of primordial black hole evaporation. In the inflationary Universe with the maximum reheating temperature compatible with the observed quadrupole anisotropy, the upper limit is n=1.4, but it is slightly weaker for lower reheat temperatures. This limit applies over 57 decades of mass and is therefore insensitive to cosmic variance and any gravitational wave contribution to the quadrupole anisotropy. It is also independent of the dark matter content of the Universe and therefore the bias parameter. In some circumstances, there may be an extended dustlike phase between the end of inflation and reheating. In this case, primordial black holes form more abundantly and the upper limit is n=1.3.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Particle creation by black holes
Hawking, S. W. (1975) · Communications In Mathematical Physics · doi:10.1007/bf02345020 · Cited by 13,106
Inflationary universe: A possible solution to the horizon and flatness problems
Guth, A. H. (1981) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.23.347 · Cited by 9,983
A new type of isotropic cosmological models without singularity
Starobinsky, A. A. (1980) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/0370-2693(80)90670-x · Cited by 7,677
Linde, A. D. (1982) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/0370-2693(82)91219-9 · Cited by 6,405
HAWKING, S. W. (1974) · Nature · doi:10.1038/248030a0 · Cited by 5,669
Cosmology for Grand Unified Theories with Radiatively Induced Symmetry Breaking
Albrecht, A., & Steinhardt, P. J. (1982) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.48.1220 · Cited by 4,981
Breakdown of predictability in gravitational collapse
Hawking, S. W. (1976) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.14.2460 · Cited by 2,554
First-order phase transition of a vacuum and the expansion of the Universe
Sato, K. (1981) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/195.3.467 · Cited by 1,792
The primordial black hole mass spectrum
Carr, B. J. (1975) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/153853 · Cited by 1,460
Self-citationOn the quantum structure of a black hole
't Hooft, G. (1985) · Nuclear Physics B · doi:10.1016/0550-3213(85)90418-3 · Cited by 1,311
Cited by
Particle physics models of inflation and the cosmological density perturbation
Lyth, D. H., & Riotto, A. (1999) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/s0370-1573(98)00128-8 · Cited by 2,064
New cosmological constraints on primordial black holes
Carr, B. J., Kohri, K., Sendouda, Y., & Yokoyama, J. (2010) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.81.104019 · Cited by 1,166
Self-citationConstraints on primordial black holes
Carr, B., Kohri, K., Sendouda, Y., & Yokoyama, J. (2021) · Reports on Progress in Physics · doi:10.1088/1361-6633/ac1e31 · Cited by 1,156
Self-citationPrimordial black holes—perspectives in gravitational wave astronomy
Sasaki, M., Suyama, T., Tanaka, T., & Yokoyama, S. (2018) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/1361-6382/aaa7b4 · Cited by 894
Khlopov, M. Y. (2010) · Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1088/1674-4527/10/6/001 · Cited by 681
Metadata
- Authors
- Carr, B. J., Gilbert, J. H., & Lidsey, J. E.
- Venue
- Physical Review D
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 1994-10-15
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 4853-4867
- ISSN
- 0556-2821 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2107875899
- Cited by
- 331
- References
- 17
- FWCI
- 11.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Black hole relics and inflation: Limits on blue perturbation spectra. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1103/physrevd.50.4853
- The paper
- Carr, B. J., Gilbert, J. H., & Lidsey, J. E. (1994). Black hole relics and inflation: Limits on blue perturbation spectra. Physical Review D. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.50.4853
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
