The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Nonsingular cosmology with a scale-invariant spectrum of cosmological perturbations from Lee-Wick theory
Open accessAbstract
We study the cosmology of a Lee-Wick type scalar field theory. First, we consider homogeneous and isotropic background solutions and find that they are nonsingular, leading to cosmological bounces. Next, we analyze the spectrum of cosmological perturbations which result from this model. Unless either the potential of the Lee-Wick theory or the initial conditions are finely tuned, it is impossible to obtain background solutions which have a sufficiently long period of inflation after the bounce. More interestingly, however, we find that in the generic noninflationary bouncing cosmology, perturbations created from quantum vacuum fluctuations in the contracting phase have the correct form to lead to a scale-invariant spectrum of metric inhomogeneities in the expanding phase. Since the background is nonsingular, the evolution of the fluctuations is defined unambiguously through the bounce. We also analyze the evolution of fluctuations which emerge from thermal initial conditions in the contracting phase. The spectrum of gravitational waves stemming from quantum vacuum fluctuations in the contracting phase is also scale-invariant, and the tensor to scalar ratio is not suppressed.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Inflationary universe: A possible solution to the horizon and flatness problems
Guth, A. H. (1981) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.23.347 · Cited by 9,983
Gauge-invariant cosmological perturbations
Bardeen, J. M. (1980) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.22.1882 · Cited by 2,393
Physical Foundations of Cosmology
Mukhanov, V. (2005) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511790553 · Cited by 2,316
First-order phase transition of a vacuum and the expansion of the Universe
Sato, K. (1981) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/195.3.467 · Cited by 1,792 · cited 1×
“As we have seen, without finetuning of the initial contribution of the Lee-Wick scalar to the energy density, the period of inflation will be too small for inflation to solve the various problems of standard cosmology which inflation was invented to solve [22] (see also [23]) (such as the horizon and flatness problems…”
The phantom menaced: Constraints on low-energy effective ghosts
Cline, J. M., Jeon, S., & Moore, G. D. (2004) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.70.043543 · Cited by 677
Cited by
f(T) teleparallel gravity and cosmology
Cai, Y.-F., Capozziello, S., De Laurentis, M., & Saridakis, E. N. (2016) · Reports on Progress in Physics · doi:10.1088/0034-4885/79/10/106901 · Cited by 1,491
Self-citationQuintom cosmology: Theoretical implications and observations
Cai, Y.-F., Saridakis, E. N., Setare, M. R., & Xia, J.-Q. (2010) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2010.04.001 · Cited by 868
Self-citationMatter bounce cosmology with the f(T) gravity
Cai, Y.-F., Chen, S.-H., Dent, J. B., Dutta, S., & Saridakis, E. N. (2011) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/28/21/215011 · Cited by 461
Self-citationTowards a nonsingular bouncing cosmology
Cai, Y.-F., Easson, D. A., & Brandenberger, R. (2012) · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2012/08/020 · Cited by 439
Self-citationEasson, D. A., Sawicki, I., & Vikman, A. (2011) · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2011/11/021 · Cited by 291
Metadata
- Authors
- Cai, Y.-F., Qiu, T., Brandenberger, R., & Zhang, X.
- Venue
- Physical Review D
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 2009-07-15
- Volume
- 80
- Issue
- 2
- ISSN
- 0556-2821 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-7998
- 1550-2368
- OpenAlex
- W1985618603
- Cited by
- 209
- References
- 5
- FWCI
- 11.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Nonsingular cosmology with a scale-invariant spectrum of cosmological perturbations from Lee-Wick theory. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1103/physrevd.80.023511
- The paper
- Cai, Y.-F., Qiu, T., Brandenberger, R., & Zhang, X. (2009). Nonsingular cosmology with a scale-invariant spectrum of cosmological perturbations from Lee-Wick theory. Physical Review D. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.80.023511
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.