The DOI matches its Crossref record; 16 of the 16 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Analysis of granular flow in a pebble-bed nuclear reactor
Open accessAbstract
Pebble-bed nuclear reactor technology, which is currently being revived around the world, raises fundamental questions about dense granular flow in silos. A typical reactor core is composed of graphite fuel pebbles, which drain very slowly in a continuous refueling process. Pebble flow is poorly understood and not easily accessible to experiments, and yet it has a major impact on reactor physics. To address this problem, we perform full-scale, discrete-element simulations in realistic geometries, with up to 440,000 frictional, viscoelastic 6-cm-diam spheres draining in a cylindrical vessel of diameter 3.5m and height 10 m with bottom funnels angled at 30 degrees or 60 degrees. We also simulate a bidisperse core with a dynamic central column of smaller graphite moderator pebbles and show that little mixing occurs down to a 1:2 diameter ratio. We analyze the mean velocity, diffusion and mixing, local ordering and porosity (from Voronoi volumes), the residence-time distribution, and the effects of wall friction and discuss implications for reactor design and the basic physics of granular flow.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies
Cundall, P. A., & Strack, O. D. L. (1979) · Géotechnique · doi:10.1680/geot.1979.29.1.47 · Cited by 17,527
Three-Dimensional Direct Imaging of Structural Relaxation Near the Colloidal Glass Transition
Weeks, E. R., Crocker, J. C., Levitt, A. C., Schofield, A., & Weitz, D. A. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.287.5453.627 · Cited by 1,847
A theory for the rapid flow of identical, smooth, nearly elastic, spherical particles
Jenkins, J. T., & Savage, S. B. (1983) · Journal of Fluid Mechanics · doi:10.1017/s0022112083001044 · Cited by 1,387
Is Random Close Packing of Spheres Well Defined?
Torquato, S., Truskett, T. M., & Debenedetti, P. G. (2000) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.84.2064 · Cited by 1,379
Statics and Kinematics of Granular Materials
Nedderman, R. M. (1992) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511600043 · Cited by 1,322
Granular flow down an inclined plane: Bagnold scaling and rheology
Silbert, L. E., Ertaş, D., Grest, G. S., Halsey, T. C., Levine, D., & Plimpton, S. J. (2001) · Physical Review E · doi:10.1103/physreve.64.051302 · Cited by 1,035
Self-citationRandom Packings of Frictionless Particles
O'Hern, C. S., Langer, S. A., Liu, A. J., & Nagel, S. R. (2002) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.88.075507 · Cited by 649
Random loose packings of uniform spheres and the dilatancy onset
Onoda, G. Y., & Liniger, E. G. (1990) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.64.2727 · Cited by 636
Baehr, H. D., & Stephan, K. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-10194-6 · Cited by 362
Evaluation of steady flow profiles in rectangular and circular packed beds by a variational method
Vortmeyer, D., & Schuster, J. (1983) · Chemical Engineering Science · doi:10.1016/0009-2509(83)85026-x · Cited by 311
Cited by
Ecology of Cyanobacteria II: Their Diversity in Space and Time
(2012) · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-3855-3 · Cited by 1,078
VORO++: A three-dimensional Voronoi cell library in C++
Rycroft, C. H. (2009) · Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science · doi:10.1063/1.3215722 · Cited by 1,017
Self-citationBazant, M. Z., Kilic, M. S., Storey, B. D., & Ajdari, A. (2009) · Advances in Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1016/j.cis.2009.10.001 · Cited by 916
Self-citationTRAVIS—A free analyzer for trajectories from molecular simulation
Brehm, M., Thomas, M., Gehrke, S., & Kirchner, B. (2020) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/5.0005078 · Cited by 770
Metadata
- Authors
- Rycroft, C. H., Grest, G. S., Landry, J. W., & Bazant, M. Z.
- Venue
- Physical Review E
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 2006-08-24
- Volume
- 74
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 021306-021306
- ISSN
- 1539-3755 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-2376
- OpenAlex
- W2096317580
- Cited by
- 353
- References
- 16
- FWCI
- 6.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Analysis of granular flow in a pebble-bed nuclear reactor. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1103/physreve.74.021306
- The paper
- Rycroft, C. H., Grest, G. S., Landry, J. W., & Bazant, M. Z. (2006). Analysis of granular flow in a pebble-bed nuclear reactor. Physical Review E. https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.74.021306
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
