Higher-Order Poincaré Sphere, Stokes Parameters, and the Angular Momentum of Light

Principles of Optics

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Cylindrical vector beams: from mathematical concepts to applications

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Full Stark control of polariton states on a spin-orbit hypersphere

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Probing non-classicality of primordial gravitational waves and magnetic field through quantum Poincare sphere

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Broadband efficient vortex beam generation with metallic helix array

Gong, Z., Wu, C., Fang, C., Zhao, S., Sun, A., Wei, Z., & Li, H. (2018) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.5039804 · Cited by 7

Vectorial vortex beam detection using plasmonic interferences on a structured gold film

Wang, Z., & Jian, S. (2018) · Optics & Laser Technology · doi:10.1016/j.optlastec.2018.07.081 · Cited by 7

Optically polarized selection in atomic vapor and its application in mapping the polarization distribution

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A Low Cross-Polarization Configuration Method for Phased Array Radar Antenna

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Nonlinear control of polarization rotation of hybrid-order vector vortex beams

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Analytic treatment of nonparaxial full-Poincaré fields: singularity structure and trapping properties

Gutiérrez–Cuevas, R., & Alonso, M. A. (2021) · Journal of Optics · doi:10.1088/2040-8986/abe01f · Cited by 7

Guiding and polarization shaping of vector beams in anisotropic media

Daloi, N., Kumar, P., & Dey, T. N. (2022) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.105.063714 · Cited by 7

Spatial tomography of light resolved in time, spectrum, and polarisation

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Liquid-crystal adaptive equivalent q-plate device with tunable topological charge

Sánchez-López, M. D. M., Walewska, A., Bennis, N., Algorri, J. F., Sobotka, P. K., Życzkowski, M., & Moreno, I. (2025) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.560620 · Cited by 6

Does the degree of polarization of vector beams remain unchanged on atmospheric propagation?

Tao, Z., Abdukirim, A., Dai, C., Wu, P., Mei, H., Luo, C., Feng, Y., Rao, R., Wei, H., & Ren, Y. (2023) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.502352 · Cited by 6

Experimental determination of Poincaré beam coordinates on a Hybrid order Poincaré sphere

Bansal, S., & Senthilkumaran, P. (2023) · Physica Scripta · doi:10.1088/1402-4896/ad0338 · Cited by 6

All-dielectric geometric metasurfaces for the generation and manipulation of perfect high-order Poincaré sphere beams

Cheng, K., Li, Y., Zhang, Z., Liu, Y., Han, Y., & Wang, X. (2024) · Optics Letters · doi:10.1364/ol.517089 · Cited by 6

Full higher-order Poincaré sphere beam mode-locked fiber laser

Zhang, S., Zhao, W., Dou, J., Li, T., & Hu, Y. (2024) · Optics & Laser Technology · doi:10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.110933 · Cited by 6

Compact detector for vector vortex beams by polarization holography

Yang, Y., Qi, P., Yuan, X., Wang, J., Liu, Y., Tian, Y., Xu, X., Zhang, D., Ke, S., Zheng, S., et al. (2024) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.542116 · Cited by 6

Optical generation and continuous transformation of plasmonic skyrmions

Shen, Z., Lu, S., & Xiong, X. (2024) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.546017 · Cited by 6

Electrically Tunable Momentum Space Polarization Singularities in Liquid Crystal Microcavities

Oliwa, P., Kapuściński, P., Popławska, M., Muszyński, M., Król, M., Morawiak, P., Mazur, R., Piecek, W., Kula, P., Bardyszewski, W., et al. (2025) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202500060 · Cited by 6

Controlled generation of arbitrary cylindrical vector beams with an internally sensed coherent beam combining system

Zhang, W., Jin, K., Su, R., Chang, H., Ma, Y., Zongfu, J., & Zhou, P. (2025) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.569910 · Cited by 6

Parallel generation of multiple first-order vector beams with a polarization grating and a q -plate device

Badham, K., Moreno, I., Sánchez-López, M. D. M., Davis, J. A., Hashimoto, N., Kurihara, M., Albero, J., & Cottrell, D. M. (2016) · Japanese Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.7567/jjap.55.122202 · Cited by 6

Advanced Direct Detection Schemes

Shieh, W., & Ji, H. (2021) · Optical Fiber Communication Conference · doi:10.1364/ofc.2021.th4d.5 · Cited by 6

Cascaded mode converter for generating high-order Poincaré sphere beams of multiple different orders

Yao, J., Jiang, X., Li, X., Zhang, J., Zhan, Q., & Wang, A. (2023) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/5.0146744 · Cited by 6

Amplitude gradient-based metasurfaces for off-chip terahertz wavefront shaping

Lyu, W., Huang, J., Yin, S., Wang, X., Liu, J., Xu, F., & Geng, H. (2023) · Photonics Research · doi:10.1364/prj.496366 · Cited by 6

Photonic quantum chromodynamics

Saito, S. (2023) · Frontiers in Physics · doi:10.3389/fphy.2023.1225488 · Cited by 6

Metasurfaces for generating higher-order Poincaré beams by polarization-selective focusing and overall elimination of co-polarization components

Gu, M., Zhang, R., Cheng, C., Dong, Q., Zeng, X., Zhang, Y., Zhan, Z., Liu, C., & Chen, C. (2023) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.503678 · Cited by 6

Double-Ring perfect vectorial vortex beams distribution regulation

Zhang, J., Wang, Z., Li, P., Wen, F., Gu, Y., & Wu, Z. (2024) · Results in Physics · doi:10.1016/j.rinp.2024.107752 · Cited by 6

Modelling and Analysis of Vector and Vector Vortex Beams Reflection for Optical Sensing

Yu, W., & Yan, J. (2024) · Photonics · doi:10.3390/photonics11080729 · Cited by 6

Generation of vectorial vortex beams by a coherently combined laser array

Jin, K., Su, R., Chang, H., Yang, Y. T., Jiang, M., Zhang, Y., Ma, Y., & Zhou, P. (2024) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.537116 · Cited by 6

Vectorial structure of arbitrary vector vortex beams diffracted by a circular aperture in the far field

Zhao, X., & Jia, X. (2017) · Laser Physics · doi:10.1088/1555-6611/aa9813 · Cited by 6

Comprehensive quantitative analysis of vector beam states based on vector field reconstruction

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Stable propagation of the Poincaré polarization solitons in strongly nonlocal media

Guan, S., Huang, H., Weng, Z., Xu, Y., Wu, L., Guo, Q., Hu, W., & Shou, Q. (2023) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/accc4d · Cited by 6

On the polarization of non-Gaussian optical quantum field: Higher-order optical-polarization

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Submicron hollow spot generation by solid immersion lens and structured illumination

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Uniformly elliptically-polarized vector optical fields

Pan, Y., Ren, Z., Qian, S.-X., Gao, X.-Z., Li, Y., Tu, C., & Wang, H. (2015) · Journal of Optics · doi:10.1088/2040-8978/17/3/035616 · Cited by 6

Rotating full Poincare beams

Krasnoshchekov, Y., Yaparov, V. V., & Taranenko, V. B. (2017) · Ukrainian Journal of Physical Optics · doi:10.3116/16091833/18/1/1/2017 · Cited by 6

Partial Poincaré beams generated from wavelength-mismatched vortex plates

Huang, T.-D., & Lu, T. H. (2017) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.25.033184 · Cited by 6

Generation of inhomogeneously polarized vector vortex modes in few mode optical fiber

Krishna, C. H., & Roy, S. (2019) · Optical and Quantum Electronics · doi:10.1007/s11082-019-1752-9 · Cited by 6

An efficient terahertz polarization converter with highly flexible tunability over an ultra-broad bandwidth

Luo, X., Tan, Z. Y., Wan, W., Wang, C., & Cao, J. (2019) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.5079530 · Cited by 6

Optically probing Schwinger angular momenta in a micromechanical resonator

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Efficient hybrid-mode excitation in plasmonic nanoantennas by tightly focused higher-order vector beams

Zang, X., Bautista, G., Turquet, L., Setälä, T., Kauranen, M. O., & Turunen, J. P. (2020) · Journal of the Optical Society of America B · doi:10.1364/josab.412195 · Cited by 6

Light beams with general direction and polarization: Global description and geometric phase

Nityananda, R., & Sridhar, S. (2013) · Annals of Physics · doi:10.1016/j.aop.2013.11.010 · Cited by 6

Quantifying classical entanglement using polarimetry: Spatially-inhomogeneously polarized beamsPreprint

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Induced Berry connection and photonic spin Hall effect in optical Dirac theory

Yang, L., & Feng, L.-L. (2025) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/b3ls-krx1 · Cited by 5

Dielectric quarter-waveplate metasurfaces for longitudinally tunable manipulation of high-order Poincaré beams

Ma, T., Zhao, K., Cheng, C., Gu, M., Dong, Q., Zhou, H., Gao, S., Choi, D., Liu, C., & Cheng, C. (2025) · Photonics Research · doi:10.1364/prj.553950 · Cited by 5

Hybrid-order Poincaré sphere beam fiber laser

Wang, H., Ma, Z., Dou, J., Li, F., Li, B., & Hu, Y. (2025) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.562815 · Cited by 5

Precise detection of tiny birefringence with accuracy reaching 10−11 level

Zhang, X., Hu, Y., Zhou, S., Zeng, Z., Liu, G., Lin, H., Li, Z., Chen, Z., & Fu, S. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-61800-3 · Cited by 5

Holonomically constrained polarization transformation

Umar, M., & Senthilkumaran, P. (2025) · Physics Letters A · doi:10.1016/j.physleta.2025.130909 · Cited by 5

Radially engineered metasurface for the generation of a perfect higher-order Poincaré beam

Wang, C., Yang, G., Wang, Y. R., Hu, L. Y., Su, A., Zhang, D., & Sang, T. (2025) · Journal of the Optical Society of America B · doi:10.1364/josab.569892 · Cited by 5

Visualized geometric phase of caustic geometric beams

Li, H., & Shen, Y. (2025) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/9r4g-z33b · Cited by 5

Vector-vortex beam identification via optical correlation using deconvolution-derived filter design

Pal, A., Shikder, A., Monikantan, J., & Nishchal, N. K. (2026) · Optics & Laser Technology · doi:10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114785 · Cited by 5

Influence of the eigenmode polarization deviation on the output Sagnac frequency difference in nonplanar ring resonators

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矢量涡旋光束的生成与模式识别方法

Shiyao, 付. F., & Chunqing, 高. G. (2023) · Acta Optica Sinica · doi:10.3788/aos230651 · Cited by 5

Broadband Hybridly Polarized Vector Vortex Raman Microchip Laser

Miao, Y., Shi, Q., Zhu, X., Zhang, L., He, H., & Dong, J. (2023) · Annalen der Physik · doi:10.1002/andp.202300399 · Cited by 5

Generation of Singularity-Controllable Polarization-Varying Structured Light From Random Fiber Laser

Ma, X., Ye, J., He, J., Liang, J., Zhang, Y., Xu, J., Zhou, P., & Zongfu, J. (2024) · Journal of Lightwave Technology · doi:10.1109/jlt.2024.3422413 · Cited by 5

Coherent transfer of the higher-order polarization state of photons to the spin structure state of electrons in a semiconductor

Matsumoto, T., Sato, S., Akei, S., Nakano, Y., Iba, S., Ishihara, J., Miyamoto, K., Yokoshi, N., Omatsu, T., & Morita, K. (2024) · Optica Quantum · doi:10.1364/opticaq.527615 · Cited by 5

Switchable generation and dynamic evolution of vector vortex beams

Yao, J., Li, X., Jiang, X., Wu, S., Zhan, Q., & Wang, A. (2024) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.540578 · Cited by 5

Sharp focusing of a hybridly polarized optical vortex

Stafeev, S. S., Zaitcev, V. D., & Kotlyar, V. V. (2024) · Computer Optics · doi:10.18287/2412-6179-co-1496 · Cited by 5

High-energy generation of arbitrary cylindrical vector vortex beams using a modified Mach–Zehnder interferometer

Harrison, J., Mphuthi, N., Mabena, C. M., & Naidoo, D. (2024) · Applied Optics · doi:10.1364/ao.546570 · Cited by 5

Majorana constellations for optical scalar beams and vector fields

Torres-Leal, F., Herrera, E. G., Rodríguez, M. P. M., Perez-García, B., & Rodríguez-Lara, B. M. (2024) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.110.063716 · Cited by 5

Optical forces on atoms subject to higher-order Poincaré vortex modes

Bougouffa, S. B., & Babiker, M. (2025) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.111.013520 · Cited by 5

Generation of vector beams at 1550 nm telecommunications wavelength using a segmented q-plate

Badham, K., Delaney, S. W., Hashimotono, N., Sánchez-López, M. D. M., Kurihara, M., Tanabe, A., Moreno, I., & Davis, J. A. (2016) · Optical Engineering · doi:10.1117/1.oe.55.3.030502 · Cited by 5

Reduction of modal evolution fluctuation in 2-LP mode optical time domain reflectometry

Nakamura, A., Koshikiya, Y., & Manabe, T. (2017) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.25.020727 · Cited by 5

Steady-state stimulated Raman generation and filamentation using complex vector vortex beams

Meyer, H. J., Mamani, S., & Alfano, R. R. (2020) · Applied Optics · doi:10.1364/ao.393973 · Cited by 5

Spatially Multiplexing of Metasurface for Manipulating the Focused Trefoil and Cinquefoil Vector Light Field

Sun, R., Cheng, C., Zhang, R., Zeng, X., Zhang, Y., Gu, M., Liu, C., Ma, H., Kong, Q., & Chen, C. (2021) · Nanomaterials · doi:10.3390/nano11040858 · Cited by 5

Polarization states and Stokes vortices of dual Butterfly-Gauss vortex beams with uniform polarization in uniaxial crystals

Cheng, K., Liang, M., Shu, L., & Liao, S. (2021) · Optics Communications · doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2021.127471 · Cited by 5

Spherically polarized vector Bessel vortex beams

Berškys, J., & Orlov, S. (2022) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.105.013502 · Cited by 5

Generation of V-point polarization singularity array by Dammann gratings

Desai, J. P., Gangwar, K. K., RUCHI, R., Khare, K., & Senthilkumaran, P. (2022) · Applied Physics B · doi:10.1007/s00340-022-07830-x · Cited by 5

A Global Phase‐Modulation Mechanism for Flat‐Lens Design

Zhang, X., Hu, Y., Zhang, X., Zhu, S., Yin, H., Li, Z., Chen, Z., & Fu, S. (2022) · Advanced Optical Materials · doi:10.1002/adom.202202270 · Cited by 5

Vector Beams and Vectorial Vortex Beams

Fu, S., & Gao, C. (2023) · Advances in optics and optoelectronics · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-1810-2_7 · Cited by 5

Emerging optical spin and chirality by three-dimensional evanescent field coupling

Fang, L., & Wang, J. (2024) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.110.063514 · Cited by 5

Orbital angular momentum induced by nonabsorbing optical elements through space-variant polarization-state manipulations

Zhang, D., Feng, X., & Huang, Y. (2018) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.98.043845 · Cited by 5

Photoinduced Liquid Crystal Domain Engineering for Optical Field Control

Hu, W., Chen, P., & Lu, Y. (2018) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9783527816774.ch11 · Cited by 5

Arbitrary Cylindrical Vector Beam Generation Using Cross-Polarized Modulation

Wang, P., Liu, J., He, Y., Liu, J., Zhou, X., Ye, H., Li, Y., Chen, S., & Fan, D. (2019) · IEEE Photonics Technology Letters · doi:10.1109/lpt.2019.2910989 · Cited by 5

Evolution properties of vector vortex beams passing through a paraxial optical system

Peng, Z., Huang, F., & Jia, X. (2020) · Optical Engineering · doi:10.1117/1.oe.59.4.041207 · Cited by 5

Controlled Generation of Wavelength-Tunable Higher Order Poincaré Sphere Beams From a Femtosecond Optical Parametric Oscillator

Fan, J., Xiao, N., Zhao, J., Shi, H., Liao, R., Xie, C., & Hu, M. (2020) · IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics · doi:10.1109/jstqe.2020.2991769 · Cited by 5

Intense vector supercontinuum radiation from femtosecond filamentation

Li, D., Chang, J., Li, D., Ji, L., Liang, W., Xu, L., Zhang, L., Xi, T., & Hao, Z. (2022) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.457333 · Cited by 5

Exploring the ellipticity dependency on vector helical Ince-Gaussian beams and their focusing properties

Wang, J., Chen, Y., Khafaji, M. A. A., Svensson, S. J., Yang, X., Wang, C., Gao, H., Cisowski, C. M., & Franke‐Arnold, S. (2022) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.462105 · Cited by 5

The evolutions of spin density of tightly focused vector fields with spatially-variant uniform and non-uniform ellipticities

Zou, C., Huang, Q., & Man, Z. (2022) · Optics Communications · doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2022.129153 · Cited by 5

SU(N) symmetry of coherent photons controlled by rotated waveplates

Saito, S. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2304.01216 · Cited by 5

Spin splitting of reflected vortex-beam off hyperbolic-crystal surface

Song, H., Wang, X.-G., Hao, S., Fu, S., & Wang, X.-Z. (2023) · Optics Communications · doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2023.129603 · Cited by 5

Polarization responses of generated vector beam in a magnetic-driven atomic system

Guan, R., Qu, X., Wang, C., & Wu, D. (2023) · Physics Letters A · doi:10.1016/j.physleta.2023.128974 · Cited by 5

OAM-resolved polarization in random light beams

Pokharel, S., Raveh, D., & Korotkova, O. (2023) · Optics Letters · doi:10.1364/ol.496266 · Cited by 5

Optical chirality induced by spin-orbit interaction of light in a tightly focused Laguerre-Gaussian beam

朱, M. 明. Z., 付, S. 圣. F., & Man, Z. (2023) · Chinese Physics B · doi:10.1088/1674-1056/acefc9 · Cited by 5

Photonic Disclination Nanolaser with a High Topological Charge of 2

Shin, C., Kim, H., Kim, D. S., & Park, H. (2025) · ACS Photonics · doi:10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02553 · Cited by 4

Metasurface-enabled generation and mapping of perfect vector vortex beams on hybrid-order and higher-order Poincaré spheres for optical encryption

Zhang, S., Shi, W., Tang, L., Cao, Y., & Dong, Z. (2025) · Optics Letters · doi:10.1364/ol.577610 · Cited by 4

Structuring polarization states of light in space and time

Pires, D. G., Tan, J., Sedeh, H. B., & Litchinitser, N. M. (2025) · Nanophotonics · doi:10.1515/nanoph-2025-0438 · Cited by 4

Nonuniform Optical Coherence Engineering for the Compact Synthesis of Robust Higher-Order Poincaré Sphere Beams

Wu, J., Xu, Y., Shao, Y., Lin, S., Peng, X., Cai, Y., Zhu, X., & Yu, J. (2025) · ACS Photonics · doi:10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02564 · Cited by 4

Arbitrary Total Angular Momentum Vectorial Holography Using Bi‐Layer Metasurfaces

Jung, J., Kim, H., & Shin, J. (2026) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202519106 · Cited by 4

Detection of Poincaré beam coordinates on the hybrid-order Poincaré sphere via Stokes vortex mapping

Bhardwaj, S., Bansal, S., & Senthilkumaran, P. (2026) · Journal of the Optical Society of America A · doi:10.1364/josaa.584206 · Cited by 4

Fully tunable on-chip meta-generator for multidimensional Poincaré sphere mapping

Zheng, S., Luan, J., Wu, T., Yi, L., Wan, Z., Tian, Q., Meng, Y., Shen, Y., Wang, K., Zong, L., et al. (2026) · Light Science & Applications · doi:10.1038/s41377-026-02364-9 · Cited by 4

Design of Metasurface with Nanoslits on Elliptical Curves for Generation of Dual-Channel Vector Beams

Ren, X., Gu, M., Zeng, X., Sun, R., Zhang, Y., Zhan, Z., Li, L., Li, D., Ma, H., Cheng, C., et al. (2021) · Nanomaterials · doi:10.3390/nano11113024 · Cited by 4

Vortex-frequency-comb generation assisted by PT -symmetric ring resonators

Alexeyev, C. N., Владимировна, Б. Е., Lapin, B. P., & Yavorsky, M. A. (2023) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.107.023522 · Cited by 4

Geometric Representation of Vector Vortex Beams: The Total Angular Momentum-Conserving Poincaré Sphere and Its Braid Clusters

Yu, W., Pi, H., Taylor, M., & Yan, J. (2023) · Photonics · doi:10.3390/photonics10111276 · Cited by 4

Enhanced Photo-excitation and Angular-Momentum Imprint of Gray Excitons in WSe2Monolayers by Spin–Orbit-Coupled Vector Vortex Beams

Sanchez, O. J. G., Peng, G.-H., Li, W., Shih, C.-H., Chien, C.-H., & Cheng, S. (2024) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.4c01881 · Cited by 4

Tailoring focal plane component intensities of polarization singular fields in a tight focusing system

Pal, S. K., & Rusch, L. A. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-64392-y · Cited by 4

Ultra‐fast and Universal Vector Mode Analyzer Based on 4D Jones Vector and Intensity‐Only Detection

Shi, Z., Wang, X., Zhang, Z., Wang, P., Wang, Z., & Liu, Y. (2025) · Laser & Photonics Review · doi:10.1002/lpor.202500004 · Cited by 4

Far-Field Topological Structure of the Second Harmonic from Higher-Order Poincaré Sphere Beam

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On the structure of the polarization–orbitalization tensor

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