Particle Creation in Expanding Universes
Abstract
We report results of an investigation of elementary particle creation in expanding universes.Received 15 July 1968DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.21.562©1968 American Physical Society
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To identify our universe with a universe in a black hole, quantum effects in curved spacetime must be included; these are responsible for particle production by the gravitational field.
“To identify our universe with a universe in a black hole, we must include quantum effects in curved spacetime, which are responsible for particle production by the gravitational field (Parker 1968(Parker , 1969;;Zel'dovich 1970;Parker 1971aParker , 1971b;;Zel'dovich & Starobinskii 1977).”
From UNIVERSE IN A BLACK HOLE IN EINSTEIN–CARTAN GRAVITY (2016) · cites this paper as Parker 1968
Quantum effects in the presence of an extremely strong gravitational field cause an intense particle production, which creates an enormous amount of mass without changing the total energy (matter plus gravitational field) in the black hole.
“Quantum effects in the presence of an extremely strong gravitational field cause an intense particle production, which creates an enormous amount of mass (Parker 1968(Parker , 1969;;Zel'dovich 1970;Parker 1971aParker , 1971b;;Zel'dovich & Starobinskii 1977) without changing the total energy (matter plus gravitational field) in the black hole (Popławski 2014).”
From UNIVERSE IN A BLACK HOLE IN EINSTEIN–CARTAN GRAVITY (2016) · cites this paper as Parker 1968
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Sorted by citations
UNIVERSE IN A BLACK HOLE IN EINSTEIN–CARTAN GRAVITY
Popławski, N. (2016) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/0004-637x/832/2/96 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Effect of gravitation creation in isotropically expanding universes
Hu, B. L., & Parker, L. (1977) · Physics Letters A · doi:10.1016/0375-9601(77)90880-5 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Self-citationProbing Hawking and Unruh effects and quantum field theory in curved space by geometric invariants
Capolupo, A., & Vitiello, G. (2013) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.88.024027 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
A nonsingular, anisotropic universe in a black hole with torsion and particle production
Popławski, N. J. (2021) · General Relativity and Gravitation · doi:10.1007/s10714-021-02790-7 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Weyl Curvature Hypothesis in Light of Quantum Backreaction at Cosmological Singularities or Bounces
Hu, B.-L. (2021) · Universe · doi:10.3390/universe7110424 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
- Authors
- Parker, L.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- Parker, L.
- Venue
- Physical Review Letters
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 1968-08-19
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 562-564
- ISSN
- 0031-9007 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2024584597
- Cited by
- 921
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 36 · 2025: 55 · 2024: 62 · 2023: 62 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 71 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 2.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Physical Review Letters (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
- Keywords
- particle creation, cosmic expansion, elementary particles, cosmological particle production, early universe
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