Black strings and p -branes are unstable
Open accessAbstract
We investigate the evolution of small perturbations around black strings and branes which are low energy solutions of string theory. For simplicity we focus attention on the zero charge case and show that there are unstable modes for a range of time frequency and wavelength in the extra 10-D dimensions. These perturbations can be stabilized if the extra dimensions are compactified to a scale smaller than the minimum wavelength for which instability occurs and thus will not affect large astrophysical black holes in four dimensions. We comment on the implications of this result for the cosmic censorship hypothesis.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Solutions with mass M are dynamically stable only for a certain range of the ratio M/R because of the Gregory-Laflamme instability.
“Solutions with mass M are dynamically stable only for a certain range of the ratio M/R because of the Gregory-Laflamme instability [48].”
From Gravitational memory and compact extra dimensions (2022) · cites this paper as [48]
The discussion on p. 8 says compactifying the extra dimensions on a sufficiently small scale can avoid the instability and may make the resulting black-doughnut solutions stable. This supports stability depending on mass and a compactification scale, but the paper does not state a stability range for a ratio M/R or establish the claim for solutions generally; its analysis concerns uncharged black strings and branes. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Particle creation by black holes
Hawking, S. W. (1975) · Communications In Mathematical Physics · doi:10.1007/bf02345020 · Cited by 13,106 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- [12][12] B. Whitt, Ph.D Thesis, Cambridge, 1988. -
- [13][13] S.W.Hawking and G.F.R.Ellis, The Large Scale Structure of Spacetime (Cambridge University Press 1973). -
- [14][14] W.H.Press, B.P.Flemming, S.A.Teukolsky and W.T. Vettering, Numerical Receipes (Cambridge University Press 1988). -
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Quasinormal modes of AdS black holes and the approach to thermal equilibrium
Horowitz, G. T., & Hubeny, V. E. (2000) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.62.024027 · Cited by 926 · see citing works
The 1965 Penrose singularity theorem
Senovilla, J. M. M., & Garfinkle, D. (2015) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/32/12/124008 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Three-Dimensional Quantum Black Holes: A Primer
Panella, E., Pedraza, J. F., & Svesko, A. (2024) · Universe · doi:10.3390/universe10090358 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Gravitational memory and compact extra dimensions
Ferko, C., Satishchandran, G., & Sethi, S. (2022) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.105.024072 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Unveiling horizons in quantum critical collapse
Tomašević, M., & Wu, C.-H. (2026) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep04(2026)151 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
- Authors
- Gregory, R., & Laflamme, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Chicago (US)
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (US)
- Venue
- Physical Review Letters
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 1993-05-10
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 19
- Pages
- 2837-2840
- ISSN
- 0031-9007 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2019649342
- Cited by
- 1,097
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 54 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 44 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 48 · 2012: 36
- FWCI
- 1.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Physical Review Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research
- Keywords
- black strings, p-branes, linear stability analysis, perturbation analysis, extra dimensions, compactification, cosmic censorship, black hole stability
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
