The DOI matches its Crossref record; 20 of the 21 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 28 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Thermal Transport Measurements of Individual Multiwalled Nanotubes
Open accessAbstract
The thermal conductivity and thermoelectric power of a single carbon nanotube were measured using a microfabricated suspended device. The observed thermal conductivity is more than 3000 W/K m at room temperature, which is 2 orders of magnitude higher than the estimation from previous experiments that used macroscopic mat samples. The temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity of nanotubes exhibits a peak at 320 K due to the onset of umklapp phonon scattering. The measured thermoelectric power shows linear temperature dependence with a value of 80 microV/K at room temperature.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
The authors measured thermal transport of an individual multiwalled carbon nanotube using a microfabricated suspended device, finding room-temperature thermal conductivity above 3000 W/m K and thermoelectric power of 80 µV/K. The thermal conductivity peaks at 320 K due to the onset of Umklapp phonon scattering.
Key findings
- For a single MWNT of diameter 14 nm and bridging length 2.5 µm, the measured thermal conductance reaches a maximum of approximately 1.6 × 10⁻⁷ W/K near room temperature, and the derived thermal conductivity is more than 3000 W/m K at room temperature.
- This room-temperature thermal conductivity is two orders of magnitude higher than the previous bulk mat estimate of 20 W/m K, an order of magnitude higher than an aligned SWNT sample value of 250 W/m K, and comparable to a theoretical expectation of 6000 W/m K.
- The thermal conductivity increases with temperature, following a power law with exponent 2.50 for 8 K < T < 50 K, then approximately T² for 50 K < T < 150 K, and peaks at 320 K before decreasing rapidly; the crossover gives an estimated interlayer Debye temperature Θ⊥ = 50 K.
- The thermoelectric power shows linear temperature dependence with a room-temperature value of 80 µV/K, and its positive sign indicates hole-like majority carriers.
Methods
- Suspended devices were fabricated on a silicon nitride/silicon oxide/silicon multilayer, with two 10 µm × 10 µm silicon nitride membrane islands suspended by silicon nitride beams; Pt thin-film resistors on each island served as both heaters and thermometers.
- A single MWNT was placed to bridge the two suspended islands by mechanical manipulation. Joule heating in one resistor created a temperature gradient, and the resulting temperature changes of both islands were measured from resistance changes versus applied power.
- Thermal conductance was extracted using a simple heat-transfer model, and thermal conductivity was estimated assuming a solid isotropic material and neglecting junction thermal conductance. Thermoelectric power was obtained from the slope of thermoelectric voltage versus Joule heating power.
Limitations
- Stated: the reported thermal conductivity is a lower bound because the authors neglect junction thermal conductance and assume a solid isotropic material to correct geometric factors; they note that further study is needed to analyze the contribution of individual MWNT layers.
- Stated: below 8 K, both resistors saturate due to impurity scattering and cannot be used as temperature sensors; the diameter measurement has a resolution limit of 2 nm, which is the major uncertainty in κ.
- Stated/evident: the TEP measurement may be affected by gas adsorption and oxygen doping because the MWNTs were exposed to air; the results are from a single MWNT, so generalization to other nanotubes or ensembles is not established in the text.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
18 Sources not found · 13 Own interpretation · 9 Own result · 4 No basis given · 3 Own method · 1 Not checked yet
In the paper
“From our separate study of scanning thermal microscopy on a self heated MWNT[18], we have estimated the thermal conductance of the junction at room temperature; the heat flow rate from a unit length of the tube to metal electrode at a given unit junction temperature difference was found to be ∼ 0.5 W/m K.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [18]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the intermediate temperature range (50 K < T < 150 K), κ ( T ) increases almost quadratically in T (i.e., κ ( T ) ∼ T 2 ).”
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Beyond this peak, κ ( T ) decreases rapidly.”
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity of nanotubes exhibits a peak at 320 K due to the onset of Umklapp phonon scattering.”
- Also stated in: § Thermal Transport Measurements of Individual Multiwalled Nanotubes · p. 3 · plain
“Above this temperature range, κ ( T ) deviates from quadratic temperature dependence and has a peak at 320 K.”
- Also stated in: § Thermal Transport Measurements of Individual Multiwalled Nanotubes · p. 4 · plain
“The temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity shows a peak at 320 K due to the onset of Umklapp phonon scattering.”
plaincorrelationalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Thermal Transport Measurements of Individual Multiwalled Nanotubes · p. 3 · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At low temperatures, 8 K < T < 50 K, κ ( T ) increases following a power law with an exponent 2.50.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The observed thermal conductivity is more than 3000 W/K m at room temperature, which is two orders of magnitude higher than the estimation from previous experiments that used macroscopic mat samples.”
- Also stated in: § Thermal Transport Measurements of Individual Multiwalled Nanotubes · p. 3 · plain
“First, the room temperature value of κ ( T ) is over 3000 W/m K [20], whereas the previous 'bulk' measurement on a MWNT mat using the 3w method estimates only 20 W/m K [4].”
- Also stated in: § Thermal Transport Measurements of Individual Multiwalled Nanotubes · p. 4 · plain
“The observed thermal conductivity of a MWNT is more than 3000 W/m K at room temperature and the phonon mean free path is ∼ 500nm.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [20]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Thermal Transport Measurements of Individual Multiwalled Nanotubes · p. 3 · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“with a value of 80 µ V/K at room temperature.”
- Also stated in: § Thermal Transport Measurements of Individual Multiwalled Nanotubes · p. 3 · plain
“with room temperature value 80 µ V/K.”
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Thermal Transport Measurements of Individual Multiwalled Nanotubes · p. 3 · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Fig.3 displays measured thermal conductance of a single MWNT with a diameter 14 nm and the length of the bridging segment 2.5 µ m.”
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The measured thermoelectric power shows linear temperature dependence with a value of 80 µ V/K at room temperature.”
- Also stated in: § Thermal Transport Measurements of Individual Multiwalled Nanotubes · p. 3 · plain
“The observed temperature dependent TEP of MWNTs (Fig.4) shows a linear T dependence, with room temperature value 80 µ V/K.”
- Also stated in: § Thermal Transport Measurements of Individual Multiwalled Nanotubes · p. 4 · plain
“The thermoelectric power shows an expected linear T dependence, which was absent previous bulk measurements.”
plaincorrelationalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Thermal Transport Measurements of Individual Multiwalled Nanotubes · p. 3 · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Above this temperature range, κ ( T ) deviates from quadratic temperature dependence and has a peak at 320 K.”
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 5
- Probably not a substantial claim. 2
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It increases by several orders of magnitude as the temperature is raised, reaching a maximum of approximately 1.6 × 10 -7 W/K near room temperature before decreasing again at higher temperatures.”
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In a simple model [22], the phonon thermal conductivity can be written as: κ = ∑ p C p v p l p , where C p , v p , and l p is the specific heat capacity, phonon group velocity, and the mean free path of phonon mode p .”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [22]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This remarkable behavior was not seen in the bulk experiments, possibly due to additional extrinsic phonon scattering mechanisms such as tube-tube interactions.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At low temperatures, the Umklapp scattering freezes out, l = l st , and thus κ ( T ) simply follows the temperature dependence of C p 's.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The phonon mean free path consists of two contributions: l -1 = l -1 st + l -1 um where l st and l um are static and Umklapp scattering length, respectively.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus below room temperature where the phonon-phonon Umklapp scattering is minimal, phonons have only a few scattering events between the thermal reservoirs, and the phonon transport is 'nearly' ballistic.”
hedgeddirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“As T > Θ ⊥ , the interlayer phonon modes are fully occupied, and κ ( T ) ∼ T 2 , indicative of the two dimensional nature of thermal conduction in a MWNT [24].”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [24]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The authors state this as an assumption.
The thermal conductivity estimate assumes a solid isotropic material to correct geometric factors.
“In the following, however, we simply estimate the thermal conductivity neglecting the junction thermal conductance and assuming a solid isotropic material to correct geometric factors.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
The thermal conductivity estimate neglects the junction thermal conductance.
“In the following, however, we simply estimate the thermal conductivity neglecting the junction thermal conductance and assuming a solid isotropic material to correct geometric factors.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
The MWNTs used in the experiments were exposed to air and presumably doped with oxygen.
“The MWNTs used in our experiments were exposed in air and presumably doped with oxygen.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Thermal Transport Measurements of Individual Multiwalled Nanotubes · p. 1
“two 10 µ m × 10 µ m adjacent silicon nitride membrane (0.5 µ m thick) islands suspended with 200 µ m long silicon nitride beams.”
§ Thermal Transport Measurements of Individual Multiwalled Nanotubes · p. 1
“Two independent islands are suspended by three sets of 250 µ m long silicon nitride legs”
Citations
Cites
Science of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes
Ebert, L. B. (1997) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/s0008-6223(97)89618-2 · Cited by 4,517
Unusually High Thermal Conductivity of Carbon Nanotubes
Berber, S., Kwon, Y., & Tománek, D. (2000) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.84.4613 · Cited by 3,090
Extreme Oxygen Sensitivity of Electronic Properties of Carbon Nanotubes
Collins, P. G., Bradley, K., Ishigami, M., & Zettl, A. K. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.287.5459.1801 · Cited by 2,977
Nanotubes as nanoprobes in scanning probe microscopy
Dai, H., Hafner, J. H., Rinzler, A. G., et al. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/384147a0 · Cited by 2,214
Engineering Carbon Nanotubes and Nanotube Circuits Using Electrical Breakdown
Collins, P. G., Arnold, M. S., & Avouris, P. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1058782 · Cited by 1,720
Carbon Nanotubes as Molecular Quantum Wires
Dekker, C. (1999) · Physics Today · doi:10.1063/1.882658 · Cited by 1,417
Thermal conductivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes
Hone, J., Whitney, M., Piskoti, C., & Zettl, A. K. (1999) · Physical review. B, Condensed matter · doi:10.1103/physrevb.59.r2514 · Cited by 1,195
Thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes
Che, J., Çağın, T., & Goddard, W. A. (2000) · Nanotechnology · doi:10.1088/0957-4484/11/2/305 · Cited by 1,139
Measurement of the quantum of thermal conductance
Schwab, K., Henriksen, E. A., Worlock, J. M., & Roukes, M. L. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35010065 · Cited by 916
Hone, J., Llaguno, M. C., Nemes, N. M., et al. (2000) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.127079 · Cited by 834
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- M. Osman, 2001, Nanotechnology, 12, 21, 10.1088/0957-4484/12/1/305 · DOI
- B. T. Kelly, 1981, Physics of Graphite
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 1,801–1,900 of 3,378
Modelling of self-heating effects in multi-wall carbon nanotube interconnects
Liang, F., Wang, G., & Lin, H. L. (2011) · Micro & Nano Letters · doi:10.1049/mnl.2010.0176 · Cited by 15
Thermal Boundary Conductance between Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Yamada, Y., Nishiyama, T., Yasuhara, T., et al. (2012) · Journal of Thermal Science and Technology · doi:10.1299/jtst.7.190 · Cited by 15
Yum, S. H., Roh, J. U., Park, J. M., et al. (2013) · Composites Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2013.04.008 · Cited by 15
Thermal conductivity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes: Molecular dynamics simulations
Hu, G.-J., & Cao, B. (2014) · Chinese Physics B · doi:10.1088/1674-1056/23/9/096501 · Cited by 15
Investigation of microcombing parameters in enhancing the properties of carbon nanotube yarns
Yu, Y., Zhang, L., Yildiz, O., et al. (2017) · Materials & Design · doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2017.08.035 · Cited by 15
Arboleda‐Clemente, L., García-Fonte, X., Abad, M. J., et al. (2017) · Journal of Composite Materials · doi:10.1177/0021998317749715 · Cited by 15
Resistance-heating of carbon nanotube yarns in different atmospheres
Scholz, M., Hayashi, Y., Khavrus, V. O., et al. (2018) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2018.03.022 · Cited by 15
CERAMIC COMPOSITE BASED ON ZIRCONIA REINFORCED BY SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES
Леонов, А. А., Сергеевич, Д. Э., Khasanov, O. L., et al. (2019) · Nanotechnologies in Russia · doi:10.1134/s1995078019020095 · Cited by 15
Bindushree, N., Dhabale, A., Dhanush, M. S., et al. (2020) · Electronic Materials Letters · doi:10.1007/s13391-020-00243-y · Cited by 15
Zhang, Z., Sun, X., Yuan, P., et al. (2021) · Journal of Lightwave Technology · doi:10.1109/jlt.2021.3092522 · Cited by 15
“cylindrical hexagonal lattice. Since its discovery in 1991 [1], it has been found useful in a wide range of applications because of its unique mechanical [2], electrical and [3, 4] thermal properties [5]. CNT is also a promising material for various optical applications such as fast photovoltaic devices [6], nano-scal…”
BackgroundMa, M., Xie, M., & Ai, Q. (2021) · Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments · doi:10.1016/j.seta.2021.101676 · Cited by 15
Pabst, W., & Hříbalová, S. (2022) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2023.123941 · Cited by 15
Overgrowing single crystalline ZnB2O4 on multiwall carbon nanotubes: Straightening the curly tubes
Yan, P., Liu, J. Z., Wang, J., et al. (2004) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.1821652 · Cited by 15
Multi-walled carbon nanotube thermal stability characteristics evaluation by DSC tests
Lin, C., Lin, J. Z., Shu, C., et al. (2011) · Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries · doi:10.1016/j.jlp.2011.11.007 · Cited by 15
Thermal diffusivity of aligned multi‐walled carbon nanotubes measured by the flash method
Mäklin, J., Halonen, N., Tóth, G., Sápi, A., Kukovecz, Á., Kónya, Z., Jantunen, H. M., Mikkola, J., & Kordás, K. (2011) · physica status solidi (b) · doi:10.1002/pssb.201100143 · Cited by 15
Xu, X., & Wang, Z. (2011) · IEEE Transactions on Components Packaging and Manufacturing Technology · doi:10.1109/tcpmt.2011.2173345 · Cited by 14
“In addition, the excellent thermal conduction ability, 2000–8000 W/mK [30]–[32], has been exploited to increase the thermal conductivity of a variety of polymers by dispersing certain amount of CNTs to form polymer–CNT composites [33]–[41].”
BackgroundKalakonda, P., Cabrera, Y., Judith, R., et al. (2015) · Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology · doi:10.5772/60083 · Cited by 15
“In the past, experimental and theoretical work has shown a significantly high thermal conductivity with 3000 W/m K for multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) [1-2].”
BackgroundAssembling of carbon nanotube structures by chemical anchoring for packaging applications
Lin, W. J., Xiu, Y., Zhu, L., Moon, K., & Wong, C. P. (2008) · IEEE Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC) · doi:10.1109/ectc.2008.4550005 · Cited by 15
“Phonons also propagate easily along the nanotubes due to the perfect structure of the CNT [4, 5 ]. Therefore, CNTs have been proposed as a promising candidate for electrical interconnect material [6, 7].”
BackgroundWang, D., Carlson, M. T., & Richardson, H. H. (2011) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/nn202327n · Cited by 15
Zhao, Y., Chu, R.-S., Grigoropoulos, C. P., Dubón, O. D., & Majumdar, A. (2016) · ASME Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1115/1.4033538 · Cited by 15
Self-citationPaszkiewicz, S., Szymczyk, A., Janowska, I., et al. (2016) · Polymers for Advanced Technologies · doi:10.1002/pat.3964 · Cited by 15
Synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes by catalytic pyrolysis of organic-inorganic hybrid precursor
Wu, J., He, X., Zhao, L., et al. (2017) · Ceramics International · doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.01.029 · Cited by 15
Moosa, A. A., A., A. R. S., Kubba, F. A. K., et al. (2017) · American journal of materials science · Cited by 15
Heat transfer nanofluid based on curly ultra-long multi-wall carbon nanotubes
Boncel, S., Zniszczoł, A., Pawlyta, M., et al. (2017) · Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1007/s00231-017-2133-1 · Cited by 15
“3000 W m K for MWCNT [12, 13]) into the nanofluids (or other bulk assemblies Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.”
BackgroundCarbon nanotube: A review on its mechanical properties and application in aerospace industry
Raunika, A., Raj, S. A., Kandasamy, J., et al. (2017) · IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering · doi:10.1088/1757-899x/270/1/012027 · Cited by 15
Reihani, A., Soleimani, A., Kargar, S., Sundararaghavan, V., & Ramazani, A. (2018) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b05898 · Cited by 15
Li, Q., Takahashi, K., & Zhang, X. (2019) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.01.057 · Cited by 15
Danish, M., & Luo, S. (2020) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s20102904 · Cited by 15
“Both theoretically and experimentally, it is proved that CNTs inherit excellent physical properties having an electrical conductivity of 3 × 106 S/m [10,11], the thermal conductivity of 2000–3500 W/m·K [12,13], the mechanical strength of 100 GPa [14], the Young’s modulus of 1 TPa [15,16] and the piezoresistive gauge f…”
BackgroundThermal behavior of MWNT-reinforced thermoplastic natural rubber nanocomposites
Tarawneh, M. A., Ahmad, S., Rasid, R., et al. (2010) · Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites · doi:10.1177/0731684410391512 · Cited by 15
“) and 3000Wm (1)K 1 (Ref.(8)), respectively) and their extremely high aspect ratio (>1000), the thermal conductivity of CNT-related composites is expected to be quite high.”
BackgroundA Study of CFD Simulation for On-chip Cooling with 2D CNT Micro-fin Array
Zhong, X., Fan, Y., Liu, J., et al. (2007) · doi:10.1109/hdp.2007.4283649 · Cited by 15
“Due to the superior thermal conductivity of CNT [ 8-10 ] and the advantages of microchannel, the liquid cooling with carbon nanotube micro-fin architecture has been considered as a potential candidate that support a proper occasion for growth of new compact cooling devices.”
BackgroundCarbon Nanotube (CNT)-Reinforced Metal Matrix Bulk Composites: Manufacturing and Evaluation
Suarez, S., Reinert, L., & Mücklich, F. (2016) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/63886 · Cited by 15
“CNTs are predicted to have the highest thermal conductivity known (SWCNT: 6600 W/m.K [88], MWCNT: 3000 W/m.K [89]) and are expected to present a ballistic type of electrical conduction mechanism [90,91].”
Fischer, J. E. (2006) · Advanced materials and technologies series/Advanced materials and technologies · doi:10.1201/9781420009378.ch2 · Cited by 15
Zhu, L., Hess, D. W., & Wong, C. P. (2006) · 2022 IEEE 72nd Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC) · doi:10.1109/ectc.2006.1645643 · Cited by 15
“The measured thermal conductivity of an individual MWNT at room temperature is >3000 W/m·K [10], which exceeds the conductivity of diamond (2000 W/m·K).”
BackgroundBasavaraja, C., Kim, B. S., & Huh, D. S. (2011) · Macromolecular Research · doi:10.1007/s13233-011-0314-1 · Cited by 14
One step fabrication of aligned carbon nanotubes using gas rectifier
Fujimori, T., Yamashita, D., Kishibe, Y., et al. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-05297-6 · Cited by 14
Meng, Z., Lu, S., Zhang, D., et al. (2022) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/d2ra06725k · Cited by 14
The size effect on filling and phase change behavior of paraffin within carbon nanotube
Wu, S., Ma, X., & Peng, D. (2023) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2023.124266 · Cited by 14
3D printable CNTs and BN hybridized PEEK composites for thermal management applications
Bozkurt, Y. E., Emanetoğlu, U., Yıldız, A., et al. (2023) · Journal of Materials Science · doi:10.1007/s10853-023-08923-4 · Cited by 14
Abnormal Thickness‐Dependent Thermal Transport in Suspended 2D PdSe2
Li, M., Sun, H., Liu, C., Zhou, J., Zhang, G., Zhang, L., & Zhao, Y. (2024) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.202311125 · Cited by 14
Whalen, S., Sellards, E., Gobin, B., et al. (2024) · Propellants Explosives Pyrotechnics · doi:10.1002/prep.202300299 · Cited by 14
Waste Thermal Energy Harvesting (I): Thermoelectric Effect
Kong, L. B., Tao, L., Hng, H. H., Boey, F. Y. C., Zhang, T., & Li, S. (2014) · Lecture notes in energy · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-54634-1_4 · Cited by 15
High-Current Reliability of Carbon Nanotube Via Interconnects
Sato, M., Hyakushima, T., Kawabata, A., et al. (2010) · Japanese Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1143/jjap.49.105102 · Cited by 14
Ezugwu, S. C., Ahmed, M. S., Bauld, R., Divigalpitiya, R., & Fanchini, G. (2013) · Thin Solid Films · doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2013.02.131 · Cited by 14
The contribution of surfaces and interfaces to the crystal thermal conductivity
Kazan, M., & Masri, P. M. (2014) · Surface Science Reports · doi:10.1016/j.surfrep.2013.11.001 · Cited by 14
Plasma stabilisation of metallic nanoparticles on silicon for the growth of carbon nanotubes
Esconjauregui, S., Cepek, C., Fouquet, M., Bayer, B. C., Gamalski, A. D., Chen, B., Xie, R., Bhardwaj, S., Ducati, C., Hofmann, S., et al. (2012) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.4740468 · Cited by 14
Effect of carbon nanofiber dispersion on the properties of PIP-SiC/SiC composites
Taguchi, T., Hasegawa, Y., & Shamoto, S. (2010) · Journal of Nuclear Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.12.078 · Cited by 14
Maity, S., Jha, A., Das, N. S., et al. (2012) · Applied Physics A · doi:10.1007/s00339-012-7252-4 · Cited by 14
Fiedler, H., Toader, M., Hermann, S., et al. (2013) · Microelectronic Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.mee.2013.07.007 · Cited by 14
Effects of Stone-Wales Defects on the Thermal Conductivity of Carbon Nanotubes
Li, W., Feng, Y., Jia, P., et al. (2012) · ASME Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1115/1.4006386 · Cited by 14
Alaghemandi, M., Schulte, J., Leroy, F., et al. (2010) · Journal of Computational Chemistry · doi:10.1002/jcc.21605 · Cited by 14
Thermal conductivity of liquid/carbon nanotube core-shell nanocomposites
Yamada, Y., Askounis, A., Ikuta, T., et al. (2017) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.4973488 · Cited by 14
Magnon scattering in the transport coefficients of CoFe thin films
Srichandan, S., Wimmer, S., Pöllath, S., et al. (2018) · Physical review. B./Physical review. B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.98.020406 · Cited by 14
Pan, Y., Wang, J., Wang, N., et al. (2019) · Journal of the European Ceramic Society · doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2019.08.038 · Cited by 14
Taraghi, I., Paszkiewicz, S., Fereidoon, A., et al. (2019) · Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials · doi:10.1177/0892705719868275 · Cited by 14
Systematic Investigations of Annealing and Functionalization of Carbon Nanotube Yarns
Scholz, M., Hayashi, Y., Eckert, V., et al. (2020) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules25051144 · Cited by 14
“These one-dimensional tubular carbon structures have been shown to possess an impressive array of physical properties on the scale of individual tubes [1], including but not limited to ballistic electron transport [2], high thermal conductivity [3] and mechanical strength [4].”
BackgroundSmart 3D Network Nanocomposites Collect Irradiation-Induced “Trash”
Tang, J., Guo, W., Cai, X., et al. (2020) · Matter · doi:10.1016/j.matt.2020.08.010 · Cited by 14
Efficient heating of single-molecule junctions for thermoelectric studies at cryogenic temperatures
Gehring, P., Van Der Star, M., Evangeli, C., et al. (2019) · Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University) · Cited by 14
Maximum entropy principle and hydrodynamic models in statistical mechanics
Trovato, M., & Reggiani, L. (2012) · AIRUS · doi:10.1393/ncr/i2012-10075-8 · Cited by 14
Thermal Conductivity of Ionic Liquids and IoNanofluids. Can Molecular Theory Help?
Paredes, X., Lourenço, M. J., de Castro, C. A. N., et al. (2021) · Fluids · doi:10.3390/fluids6030116 · Cited by 14
“For CNT’s, their thermal con‐ ductivity is of the order of 3000 W∙m−1∙K−1, as measured using a micro fabricated sus‐ pended device [93], a factor of 20,000 greater than the average thermal conductivity of an ionic liquid.”
MethodStructure and properties of copper-based composite with different types of carbon nanostructures
Koltsova, T. S., Bobrynina, E. V., Larionova, T. V., et al. (2022) · Diamond and Related Materials · doi:10.1016/j.diamond.2022.108933 · Cited by 14
Thermal Conductivity of Composite Materials Copper-Fullerene Soot
Koltsova, T., Bobrynina, E. V., Vozniakovskii, A., et al. (2022) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma15041415 · Cited by 14
“The measurement results showed that the best thermal conductivity of the Cu-CNT composite was ~300 Wm−1K−1, which is lower than that of pure copper at the same compaction modes (~355 Wm−1K−1).”
BackgroundInfluentialMWCNT Used in Orthopaedic Bone Cements
Dunne, N., & Ross, W. (2011) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/20317 · Cited by 14
“1998; Kotha et al. 2006) or CF (Pilliar et al. 1976; Saha and Pal 1986) to bone cement suggested that commercially viable mixing methods are indeed possible. Topoleski et al. (1998) used SEM analysis to confirm that before cement failure, a good bond between the fibers and the host matrix existed, although subsequent…”
BackgroundDirect Growth of Carbon Nanotubes on Metal Supports by Chemical Vapor Deposition
Zhao, N., & Kang, J. (2011) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/19275 · Cited by 14
Li, Y., & Huang, X. (2015) · Composites Part A Applied Science and Manufacturing · doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.08.013 · Cited by 14
Thermal conductivity of zinc blende and wurtzite CdSe nanostructures
Yang, J., Tang, H., Zhao, Y., et al. (2015) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/c5nr04117a · Cited by 14
Through-Thickness Thermal Conductivity Prediction Study on Nanocomposites and Multiscale Composites
Zimmer, M. M., Fan, X., Bao, J., et al. (2012) · Materials Sciences and Applications · doi:10.4236/msa.2012.33021 · Cited by 14
“Singlewalled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and vapor-grown carbon nanofibers (VCNFs) are being used as fillers for developing thermal conductive resins [11-13].”
BackgroundInfluentialCarbon Nanotube Arrays for Enhanced Thermal Interfaces to Thermoelectric Modules
Saviers, K. R., Hodson, S. L., Fisher, T. S., Salvador, J. R., & Kasten, L. S. (2013) · Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer · doi:10.2514/1.t4026 · Cited by 14
Magnesium and Aluminium Carbon Nanotube Composites
Goh, C. S., Gupta, M. K., Jarfors, A. E. W., et al. (2010) · Key engineering materials · doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.425.245 · Cited by 14
Field emission from strained carbon nanotubes on cathode substrate
Mahapatra, D. R., Sinha, N., Yeow, J. T. W., et al. (2008) · Applied Surface Science · doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2008.06.128 · Cited by 14
Takahashi, T., Oda, S., & Uchida, K. (2013) · Japanese Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.7567/jjap.52.064203 · Cited by 14
Hyun, Y., Park, Y., Choi, W.-C., et al. (2012) · Nanotechnology · doi:10.1088/0957-4484/23/40/405707 · Cited by 14
“Therefore, the contact resistances for thermal and electrical transport were minimized in our test structure [24, 25].”
BackgroundPramanik, S., Barua, N., Buragohain, A. K., et al. (2013) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/jp407944j · Cited by 14
Huang, S., Liu, J., Wang, N., et al. (2016) · Electronic System-Integration Technology Conference (ESTC) · doi:10.1109/estc.2016.7764696 · Cited by 14
Deng, C., Li, C., Wang, P., et al. (2018) · Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics · doi:10.1039/c8cp01349g · Cited by 14
Wang, J., Ni, L., Li, Q., & Wu, C. (2015) · Polymers and Polymer Composites · doi:10.1177/096739111502300408 · Cited by 14
Thermal Interface Materials Based on Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube Arrays: A Review
Yuan, G., Li, H., Shan, B., & Liu, J. (2018) · Micro and Nanosystems · doi:10.2174/1876402911666181218143608 · Cited by 14
Değirmenci, Ü., & Kırca, M. (2019) · Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids · doi:10.1016/j.jpcs.2019.109130 · Cited by 14
Impact of Synthesis Parameters of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on their Thermoelectric Properties
Kumanek, B., Stando, G. J., Wróbel, P. S., et al. (2019) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma12213567 · Cited by 14
“The Seebeck coefficient at room temperature for individual semiconducting SWCNT was calculated by Hungh et al. [11], who reported that the Seebeck coefficient for this type material can exceed 2000 µV/K.”
BackgroundInfluentialDanish, M., & Luo, S. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-53222-1 · Cited by 14
Charitidis, C. A., Koumoulos, E. P., Dragatogiannis, D. A., & Unlatched, K. (2020) · De Gruyter eBooks · doi:10.1515/9783110479133 · Cited by 14
Nakarmi, S., & Unnikrishnan, V. U. (2020) · Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures · doi:10.1080/15376494.2020.1846232 · Cited by 14
“The thermal conductivity of nanotubes can be measured experimentally [2, 12] or estimated computationally based on first principle and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations [8, 11, 13, 14].”
BackgroundShape memory polymer-based self-healing composites
Ji, G., Zhang, P., Nji, J., John, M., & Li, G. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-78242-280-8.00011-x · Cited by 14
Growth of Dense, Vertical and Horizontal Graphene and Its Thermal Properties
Kawabata, A., Murakami, T., Nihei, M., & Yokoyama, N. (2013) · Japanese Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.7567/jjap.52.04cb06 · Cited by 14
Effective Young's modulus of carbon nanofiber array
Zhang, Y., SUHIR, E., & Xu, Y. (2006) · Journal of materials research/Pratt's guide to venture capital sources · doi:10.1557/jmr.2006.0363 · Cited by 14
Ein nanostrukturierter chemischer Reaktor in Chipgröße
Popp, A., & Schneider, J. J. (2008) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.200802954 · Cited by 14
Zhang, G. C., Liu, C., & Fan, S. (2012) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/nn204683u · Cited by 14
Debalina, B., Vaishakh, N., Jagannatham, M. V., et al. (2016) · Ceramics International · doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.06.057 · Cited by 14
Optimizing the Magnetocuring of Epoxy Resins via Electromagnetic Additives
Chaudhary, R., Chaudhary, V., Suda, Y., et al. (2021) · Advanced Materials Interfaces · doi:10.1002/admi.202100881 · Cited by 13
Recent advances in thermally conductive polymer composites
Yu, S., Huang, M., Hao, R., He, S., Liu, H., Liu, W., & Zhu, C. (2022) · High Performance Polymers · doi:10.1177/09540083221106058 · Cited by 13
Jo, E., Kang, Y., Sim, S., et al. (2023) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.3c01304 · Cited by 13
Kwon, O., Park, J., Park, G., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology · doi:10.1007/s40684-023-00550-3 · Cited by 13
Micromechanics of Thermal Conductive Composites: Review, Developments and Applications
Wang, G., Huang, Y., Gao, M., et al. (2024) · Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica · doi:10.1007/s10338-024-00469-5 · Cited by 13
“This evolution spans from traditional metal matrix composites [2–6] to emerging carbon/graphite [7, 8] or carbon-nanotube (CNT)-reinforced composites [9–13], as well as environment-friendly biomaterials [14–18].”
Zheng, Y., Tian, Y., Zhou, Y., et al. (2025) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2025.162341 · Cited by 13
Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Continuum Shell Model for Buckling Analysis of Carbon Nanotubes
Wang, C. M., Chowdhury, A. N. R., Koh, S. J. A., et al. (2013) · Springer series in materials science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-01201-8_8 · Cited by 13
“CNT (Kim et al. 2001; Li et al. 2007) 25–3000 10–10”
Strus, M. C., Chiaramonti, A. N., Kim, Y. L., et al. (2011) · Nanotechnology · doi:10.1088/0957-4484/22/26/265713 · Cited by 13
“Due to their high current-carrying capability [1] and appreciable thermal conductivity [2, 3], single-walled carbon”
BackgroundHoribe, M., Nihei, M., Kondo, D., et al. (2004) · Japanese Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1143/jjap.43.7337 · Cited by 13
Structure, mechanical and functional properties of aluminum nitride-silicon carbide ceramic material
Serbenyuk, Т. B., Aleksandrova, L. I., Zaika, M. I., et al. (2008) · Journal of Superhard Materials · doi:10.3103/s106345760806004x · Cited by 13
“In a similar manner, the TiN�based ceram � ics that contains 5 wt % carbon nanotubes has the thermal conductivity at room temperature of no more than 20 W/(m K) [16], though the thermal conductivity of individual multiwalled carbon nanotubes was measured and made up 3000 W/(m K) [ 17 ].”
BackgroundEquilibrium limit of thermal conduction and boundary scattering in nanostructures
Haskins, J. B., Kınacı, A., Sevik, C., & Tahir Cagin, B. (2014) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.4884392 · Cited by 13
Thermal conductivity and nanocrystalline structure of platinum deposited by focused ion beam
Alaie, S., Goettler, D. F., Jiang, Y., et al. (2015) · Nanotechnology · doi:10.1088/0957-4484/26/8/085704 · Cited by 13
“Numerous studies using this technique of ‘micro-welding’ show the growing importance of this application [16–20].”
MethodLi, Z., Sweat, R., & Liang, Z. (2014) · Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.1002/macp.201400443 · Cited by 13
Metadata
- Authors
- Kim, P., Shi, L., Majumdar, A., & McEuen, P. L.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US)
- Venue
- Physical Review Letters
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 2001-10-31
- Volume
- 87
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 215502-215502
- ISSN
- 0031-9007 (ISSN-L)
- 1079-7114
- OpenAlex
- W2170116274
- Semantic Scholar
- 6afd3f2f6be3f5b0608297a41e67c4510a4ede69
- Cited by
- 3,378
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 58 · 2025: 83 · 2024: 80 · 2023: 114 · 2022: 138 · 2021: 167 · 2020: 142 · 2019: 182 · 2018: 218 · 2017: 168 · 2016: 177 · 2015: 174 · 2014: 172 · 2013: 205 · 2012: 209
- FWCI
- 30.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Physical Review Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- Technische Universität Dortmund Eldorado (Technische Universität Dortmund) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Technische Universität Dortmund Eldorado (Technische Universität Dortmund)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Thermal properties of materials
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Carbon Nanotubes in Composites
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Graphene research and applications
- Keywords
- carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, thermal conductivity, thermoelectric power, temperature dependence, phonon transport
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-20, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-20 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
