The DOI matches its Crossref record; 20 of the 21 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 28 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Thermal Transport Measurements of Individual Multiwalled Nanotubes
Open accessAbstract
The thermal conductivity and thermoelectric power of a single carbon nanotube were measured using a microfabricated suspended device. The observed thermal conductivity is more than 3000 W/K m at room temperature, which is 2 orders of magnitude higher than the estimation from previous experiments that used macroscopic mat samples. The temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity of nanotubes exhibits a peak at 320 K due to the onset of umklapp phonon scattering. The measured thermoelectric power shows linear temperature dependence with a value of 80 microV/K at room temperature.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
The authors measured thermal transport of an individual multiwalled carbon nanotube using a microfabricated suspended device, finding room-temperature thermal conductivity above 3000 W/m K and thermoelectric power of 80 µV/K. The thermal conductivity peaks at 320 K due to the onset of Umklapp phonon scattering.
Key findings
- For a single MWNT of diameter 14 nm and bridging length 2.5 µm, the measured thermal conductance reaches a maximum of approximately 1.6 × 10⁻⁷ W/K near room temperature, and the derived thermal conductivity is more than 3000 W/m K at room temperature.
- This room-temperature thermal conductivity is two orders of magnitude higher than the previous bulk mat estimate of 20 W/m K, an order of magnitude higher than an aligned SWNT sample value of 250 W/m K, and comparable to a theoretical expectation of 6000 W/m K.
- The thermal conductivity increases with temperature, following a power law with exponent 2.50 for 8 K < T < 50 K, then approximately T² for 50 K < T < 150 K, and peaks at 320 K before decreasing rapidly; the crossover gives an estimated interlayer Debye temperature Θ⊥ = 50 K.
- The thermoelectric power shows linear temperature dependence with a room-temperature value of 80 µV/K, and its positive sign indicates hole-like majority carriers.
Methods
- Suspended devices were fabricated on a silicon nitride/silicon oxide/silicon multilayer, with two 10 µm × 10 µm silicon nitride membrane islands suspended by silicon nitride beams; Pt thin-film resistors on each island served as both heaters and thermometers.
- A single MWNT was placed to bridge the two suspended islands by mechanical manipulation. Joule heating in one resistor created a temperature gradient, and the resulting temperature changes of both islands were measured from resistance changes versus applied power.
- Thermal conductance was extracted using a simple heat-transfer model, and thermal conductivity was estimated assuming a solid isotropic material and neglecting junction thermal conductance. Thermoelectric power was obtained from the slope of thermoelectric voltage versus Joule heating power.
Limitations
- Stated: the reported thermal conductivity is a lower bound because the authors neglect junction thermal conductance and assume a solid isotropic material to correct geometric factors; they note that further study is needed to analyze the contribution of individual MWNT layers.
- Stated: below 8 K, both resistors saturate due to impurity scattering and cannot be used as temperature sensors; the diameter measurement has a resolution limit of 2 nm, which is the major uncertainty in κ.
- Stated/evident: the TEP measurement may be affected by gas adsorption and oxygen doping because the MWNTs were exposed to air; the results are from a single MWNT, so generalization to other nanotubes or ensembles is not established in the text.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
0 of 28 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged
In the paper
“From our separate study of scanning thermal microscopy on a self heated MWNT[18], we have estimated the thermal conductance of the junction at room temperature; the heat flow rate from a unit length of the tube to metal electrode at a given unit junction temperature difference was found to be ∼ 0.5 W/m K.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [18]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the intermediate temperature range (50 K < T < 150 K), κ ( T ) increases almost quadratically in T (i.e., κ ( T ) ∼ T 2 ).”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Beyond this peak, κ ( T ) decreases rapidly.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesThe paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity of nanotubes exhibits a peak at 320 K due to the onset of Umklapp phonon scattering.”
- Also stated in: § Thermal Transport Measurements of Individual Multiwalled Nanotubes · p. 3 · plain
“Above this temperature range, κ ( T ) deviates from quadratic temperature dependence and has a peak at 320 K.”
- Also stated in: § Thermal Transport Measurements of Individual Multiwalled Nanotubes · p. 4 · plain
“The temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity shows a peak at 320 K due to the onset of Umklapp phonon scattering.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § Thermal Transport Measurements of Individual Multiwalled Nanotubes · p. 3 · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At low temperatures, 8 K < T < 50 K, κ ( T ) increases following a power law with an exponent 2.50.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“The observed thermal conductivity is more than 3000 W/K m at room temperature, which is two orders of magnitude higher than the estimation from previous experiments that used macroscopic mat samples.”
- Also stated in: § Thermal Transport Measurements of Individual Multiwalled Nanotubes · p. 3 · plain
“First, the room temperature value of κ ( T ) is over 3000 W/m K [20], whereas the previous 'bulk' measurement on a MWNT mat using the 3w method estimates only 20 W/m K [4].”
- Also stated in: § Thermal Transport Measurements of Individual Multiwalled Nanotubes · p. 4 · plain
“The observed thermal conductivity of a MWNT is more than 3000 W/m K at room temperature and the phonon mean free path is ∼ 500nm.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [20]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § Thermal Transport Measurements of Individual Multiwalled Nanotubes · p. 3 · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“with a value of 80 µ V/K at room temperature.”
- Also stated in: § Thermal Transport Measurements of Individual Multiwalled Nanotubes · p. 3 · plain
“with room temperature value 80 µ V/K.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § Thermal Transport Measurements of Individual Multiwalled Nanotubes · p. 3 · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Fig.3 displays measured thermal conductance of a single MWNT with a diameter 14 nm and the length of the bridging segment 2.5 µ m.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The measured thermoelectric power shows linear temperature dependence with a value of 80 µ V/K at room temperature.”
- Also stated in: § Thermal Transport Measurements of Individual Multiwalled Nanotubes · p. 3 · plain
“The observed temperature dependent TEP of MWNTs (Fig.4) shows a linear T dependence, with room temperature value 80 µ V/K.”
- Also stated in: § Thermal Transport Measurements of Individual Multiwalled Nanotubes · p. 4 · plain
“The thermoelectric power shows an expected linear T dependence, which was absent previous bulk measurements.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § Thermal Transport Measurements of Individual Multiwalled Nanotubes · p. 3 · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Above this temperature range, κ ( T ) deviates from quadratic temperature dependence and has a peak at 320 K.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
- It may state two separate claims as one. 5
- Probably not a substantial claim. 2
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It increases by several orders of magnitude as the temperature is raised, reaching a maximum of approximately 1.6 × 10 -7 W/K near room temperature before decreasing again at higher temperatures.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In a simple model [22], the phonon thermal conductivity can be written as: κ = ∑ p C p v p l p , where C p , v p , and l p is the specific heat capacity, phonon group velocity, and the mean free path of phonon mode p .”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [22]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This remarkable behavior was not seen in the bulk experiments, possibly due to additional extrinsic phonon scattering mechanisms such as tube-tube interactions.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At low temperatures, the Umklapp scattering freezes out, l = l st , and thus κ ( T ) simply follows the temperature dependence of C p 's.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The phonon mean free path consists of two contributions: l -1 = l -1 st + l -1 um where l st and l um are static and Umklapp scattering length, respectively.”
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus below room temperature where the phonon-phonon Umklapp scattering is minimal, phonons have only a few scattering events between the thermal reservoirs, and the phonon transport is 'nearly' ballistic.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“As T > Θ ⊥ , the interlayer phonon modes are fully occupied, and κ ( T ) ∼ T 2 , indicative of the two dimensional nature of thermal conduction in a MWNT [24].”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [24]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The authors state this as an assumption.
The thermal conductivity estimate assumes a solid isotropic material to correct geometric factors.
“In the following, however, we simply estimate the thermal conductivity neglecting the junction thermal conductance and assuming a solid isotropic material to correct geometric factors.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
The thermal conductivity estimate neglects the junction thermal conductance.
“In the following, however, we simply estimate the thermal conductivity neglecting the junction thermal conductance and assuming a solid isotropic material to correct geometric factors.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
The MWNTs used in the experiments were exposed to air and presumably doped with oxygen.
“The MWNTs used in our experiments were exposed in air and presumably doped with oxygen.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Suspending legs have two stated lengths
MinorThe device description says the suspending beams are 200 μm long, while the caption for the same device says its legs are 250 μm long.
“two 10 µ m × 10 µ m adjacent silicon nitride membrane (0.5 µ m thick) islands suspended with 200 µ m long silicon nitride beams.”
“Two independent islands are suspended by three sets of 250 µ m long silicon nitride legs”
Citations
Cites
Science of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes
Ebert, L. B. (1997) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/s0008-6223(97)89618-2 · Cited by 4,517
Unusually High Thermal Conductivity of Carbon Nanotubes
Berber, S., Kwon, Y., & Tománek, D. (2000) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.84.4613 · Cited by 3,090
Extreme Oxygen Sensitivity of Electronic Properties of Carbon Nanotubes
Collins, P. G., Bradley, K., Ishigami, M., & Zettl, A. K. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.287.5459.1801 · Cited by 2,977
Nanotubes as nanoprobes in scanning probe microscopy
Dai, H., Hafner, J. H., Rinzler, A. G., et al. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/384147a0 · Cited by 2,214
Engineering Carbon Nanotubes and Nanotube Circuits Using Electrical Breakdown
Collins, P. G., Arnold, M. S., & Avouris, P. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1058782 · Cited by 1,720
Carbon Nanotubes as Molecular Quantum Wires
Dekker, C. (1999) · Physics Today · doi:10.1063/1.882658 · Cited by 1,417
Thermal conductivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes
Hone, J., Whitney, M., Piskoti, C., & Zettl, A. K. (1999) · Physical review. B, Condensed matter · doi:10.1103/physrevb.59.r2514 · Cited by 1,195
Thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes
Che, J., Çağın, T., & Goddard, W. A. (2000) · Nanotechnology · doi:10.1088/0957-4484/11/2/305 · Cited by 1,139
Measurement of the quantum of thermal conductance
Schwab, K., Henriksen, E. A., Worlock, J. M., & Roukes, M. L. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35010065 · Cited by 916
Hone, J., Llaguno, M. C., Nemes, N. M., et al. (2000) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.127079 · Cited by 834
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 21 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- M. Osman, 2001, Nanotechnology, 12, 21, 10.1088/0957-4484/12/1/305 · DOI
- B. T. Kelly, 1981, Physics of Graphite
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 3,378
Fan, Z., Hsiao, K., & Advani, S. G. (2004) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2004.01.067 · Cited by 143
Sanli, A., Müller, C., Kanoun, O., Elibol, C., & Wägner, M. (2015) · Composites Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2015.11.012 · Cited by 143
Understanding and development of olivine LiCoPO 4 cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries
Zhang, M., Garcı́a-Aráez, N., & Hector, A. L. (2018) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/c8ta04063j · Cited by 143
Mao, D., Chen, J., Ren, L., Zhang, K., Yuen, M. M. F., Zeng, X., Sun, R., Xu, J., & Wong, C. (2019) · Composites Part A Applied Science and Manufacturing · doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2019.05.024 · Cited by 145
Characterization and Applications
Knoll, W., & Advíncula, R. C. (2011) · Wiley-VCH eBooks · Cited by 144
Universality in heat conduction theory: weakly nonlocal thermodynamics
Ván, P., & Fülöp, T. (2012) · Annalen der Physik · doi:10.1002/andp.201200042 · Cited by 141
“Experiments show deviations from the classical Fourier theory [3, 4] and there are several theoretical developments to understand the nature of the deviations [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11].”
BackgroundCharacterization of orientation state of carbon nanotubes in shear flow
Fan, Z., & Advani, S. G. (2005) · Polymer · doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2005.04.008 · Cited by 142
Ko, G. H., Heo, K., Lee, K., et al. (2007) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2007.03.029 · Cited by 142
“Recent studies reveal that CNTs have unusually high thermal conductivity [8–10].”
BackgroundHuman and environmental safety of carbon nanotubes across their life cycle
Kim, M., Goerzen, D., Jena, P. V., Zeng, E., Pasquali, M., Meidl, R. A., & Heller, D. A. (2023) · Nature Reviews Materials · doi:10.1038/s41578-023-00611-8 · Cited by 154
Flexible solar cells based on carbon nanomaterials
Fu, X., Xu, L., Li, J., Sun, X., & Peng, H. (2018) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2018.08.017 · Cited by 139
Polymer/Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites
Choudhary, V., & Gupt, A. (2011) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/18423 · Cited by 138
“The axial thermal conductivity of individual, perfect CNTs is reported to be as high as 3300 W/m/K (Kim et al., 2001).”
BackgroundAnomalous heat conduction and anomalous diffusion in low dimensional nanoscale systems
Liu, S., Xu, X. F., Xie, R. G., Zhang, G., & Li, B. W. (2012) · The European Physical Journal B · doi:10.1140/epjb/e2012-30383-8 · Cited by 139
Vibrational Heat Transport in Molecular Junctions
Segal, D., & Agarwalla, B. K. (2016) · Annual Review of Physical Chemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev-physchem-040215-112103 · Cited by 133
Wang, Y., Wang, Y., Li, Y., et al. (2021) · Composites Part B Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2021.109168 · Cited by 138
Qi, X., Yang, J., Zhang, N., Huang, T. K., Zhou, Z., Kuehnert, I., Pötschke, P., & Wang, Y. (2021) · Progress in Polymer Science · doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101471 · Cited by 138
Thermal diffusivity and conductivity of multiwalled carbon nanotube arrays
Xie, H., Cai, A., & Wang, X. (2007) · Physics Letters A · doi:10.1016/j.physleta.2007.02.079 · Cited by 137
Phonon thermal conduction in novel 2D materials
Xu, X., Chen, J., & Li, B. (2016) · Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter · doi:10.1088/0953-8984/28/48/483001 · Cited by 137
Graphene-nanotube 3D networks: intriguing thermal and mechanical properties
Xu, L., Wei, N., Zheng, Y., et al. (2011) · Journal of Materials Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c1jm13799a · Cited by 136
Effects of MWNTs on phase change enthalpy and thermal conductivity of a solid-liquid organic PCM
Zeng, J., Cao, Z. Y., Yang, D. W., Xu, F., Sun, L. X., Zhang, X., & Zhang, L. (2009) · Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry · doi:10.1007/s10973-008-9275-9 · Cited by 135
Li, M., Chen, M., & Wu, Z. (2014) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.04.029 · Cited by 135
Mesoscopic thermal and thermoelectric measurements of individual carbon nanotubes
Small, J. P., Shi, L., & Kim, P. (2003) · Solid State Communications · doi:10.1016/s0038-1098(03)00341-7 · Cited by 133
Self-citationYang, X. P., Wang, C., Lu, R., Shen, Y., Zhao, H., Li, J., Li, R., Zhang, L., Chen, H., Zhang, T., et al. (2022) · Nano Energy · doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2022.107553 · Cited by 135
Sanli, A., Benchirouf, A., Müller, C., & Kanoun, O. (2016) · Sensors and Actuators A Physical · doi:10.1016/j.sna.2016.12.011 · Cited by 133
Kondo, D., Sato, S., & Awano, Y. (2008) · Applied Physics Express · doi:10.1143/apex.1.074003 · Cited by 136
New families of carbon nanotubes based on graphyne motifs
Coluci, V. R., Braga, S. F., Legoas, S. B., et al. (2004) · Nanotechnology · doi:10.1088/0957-4484/15/4/006 · Cited by 133
Crapnell, R. D., Kalinke, C., Silva, L. R. G., Stefano, J. S., Williams, R. J., Muñoz, R. A. A., Bonacin, J. A., Janegitz, B. C., & Banks, C. E. (2023) · Materials Today · doi:10.1016/j.mattod.2023.11.002 · Cited by 143
Thermal conducting properties of aligned carbon nanotubes and their polymer composites
Ji, T., Feng, Y., Qin, M., & Feng, W. (2016) · Composites Part A Applied Science and Manufacturing · doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.10.009 · Cited by 136
Sharma, P., Sidhu, B. S., & Sharma, J. (2015) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.07.122 · Cited by 132
Chirality dependence of the thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes
Zhang, W., Zhu, Z., Wang, F., et al. (2004) · Nanotechnology · doi:10.1088/0957-4484/15/8/010 · Cited by 132
Contact mechanics and thermal conductance of carbon nanotube array interfaces
Cola, B. A., Xu, J., & Fisher, T. S. (2009) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2009.03.011 · Cited by 131
“Heat transfer in CNTs is phonon-dominated with a typical value of lmfp 500 nm at room temperature [8], and more generally the phonon mean free path for most crystalline solids is 100 nm.”
BackgroundSurface modification and grafting of carbon fibers: A route to better interface
Raphael, N., Namratha, K., Chandrashekar, B. N., et al. (2018) · Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials · doi:10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2018.07.001 · Cited by 131
Thermal conductivity of zigzag single-walled carbon nanotubes: Role of the umklapp process
Cao, J., Yan, X. H., Xiao, Y., et al. (2004) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.69.073407 · Cited by 131
Insights into carbon nanotube and graphene formation mechanisms from molecular simulations: a review
Page, A. J., Ding, F., Irle, S., & Morokuma, K. (2015) · Reports on Progress in Physics · doi:10.1088/0034-4885/78/3/036501 · Cited by 131
Mercatelli, L., Sani, E., Zaccanti, G., et al. (2011) · Nanoscale Research Letters · doi:10.1186/1556-276x-6-282 · Cited by 130
“CNTs are characterized by themselves by a very high thermal conductivity [12,17,18] and, also when suspended in fluids, they have been demonstrated to be very promising to enhance the heat transfer within the fluid [14-16,19].”
BackgroundKodama, T., Ohnishi, M., Park, W., et al. (2017) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat4946 · Cited by 130
Growth and electrical characterization of high-aspect-ratio carbon nanotube arrays
Zhu, L., Xu, J., Xiu, Y., et al. (2005) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2005.07.037 · Cited by 130
Hong, J., Lee, J., Hong, C. K., & Shim, S. E. (2009) · Current Applied Physics · doi:10.1016/j.cap.2009.06.028 · Cited by 129
The Intramolecular Junctions of Carbon Nanotubes
Wei, D., & Liu, Y. (2008) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.200800589 · Cited by 130
Increasing the thermal conductivity of palmitic acid by the addition of carbon nanotubes
Wang, J., Xie, H., Xin, Z., & Li, Y. (2010) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2010.06.044 · Cited by 129
Remote Joule heating by a carbon nanotube
Baloch, K. H., Voskanian, N., Bronsgeest, M. S., & Cumings, J. (2012) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2012.39 · Cited by 128
Hundred-fold enhancement in far-field radiative heat transfer over the blackbody limit
Thompson, D., Zhu, L., Mittapally, R., Sadat, S., Xing, Z., McArdle, P., Qazilbash, M. M., Reddy, P., & Meyhöfer, E. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0480-9 · Cited by 126
Thermoelectric Performance of 2D Tellurium with Accumulation Contacts
Qiu, G., Huang, S., Segovia, M., et al. (2019) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b05144 · Cited by 127
Comparative review of turbulent heat transfer of nanofluids
Yu, W., France, D. M., Timofeeva, E. V., Singh, D., & ROUTBORT, J. L. (2012) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2012.06.034 · Cited by 128
Cho, S., Kikuchi, K., & Kawasaki, A. (2011) · Acta Materialia · doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2011.09.056 · Cited by 126
Electrothermal actuation based on carbon nanotube network in silicone elastomer
Chen, L. Z., Liu, C. H., Hu, C., & Fan, S. (2008) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.2955513 · Cited by 128
Scaling Laws and Mesoscopic Modeling of Thermal Conductivity in Carbon Nanotube Materials
Volkov, A. N., & Zhigilei, L. V. (2010) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.104.215902 · Cited by 126
Hong, M., Chen, Z., Yang, L., et al. (2015) · Nano Energy · doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2015.12.009 · Cited by 125
Xue, X., Wang, L.-R., Sato, Y., Jiang, Y., Berg, M., Yang, D.-S., Nixon, R. A., & Liang, X.-J. (2014) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl501839q · Cited by 125
Wei, J., Fan, Y., Zhao, L., et al. (2018) · Ceramics International · doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.01.074 · Cited by 125
Omrani, A. N., Esmaeilzadeh, E., Jafari, M., et al. (2019) · Diamond and Related Materials · doi:10.1016/j.diamond.2019.02.002 · Cited by 125
Molecular Dynamics of Diffusive-Ballistic Heat Conduction in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Shiomi, J., & Maruyama, S. (2008) · Japanese Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1143/jjap.47.2005 · Cited by 124
Thermal Transport in 3D Nanostructures
Zhan, H., Nie, Y., Chen, Y., Bell, J. M., & Gu, Y. (2019) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201903841 · Cited by 134
Size dependent thermal conductivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes
Cao, A., & Qu, J. (2012) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.4730908 · Cited by 124
Thermal conductivity of B–C–N and BN nanotubes
Chang, C. W., Han, W., & Zettl, A. K. (2005) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.1914963 · Cited by 124
Thermal Conductivity Improvement of Polymer Films by Catechin-Modified Boron Nitride Nanotubes
Terao, T., Bando, Y., Mitome, M., et al. (2009) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/jp903159s · Cited by 123
Review of the Manufacturing Techniques for Porous Surfaces Used in Enhanced Pool Boiling
Patil, C. M., & Kandlikar, S. G. (2013) · Heat Transfer Engineering · doi:10.1080/01457632.2014.862141 · Cited by 123
Ji, T., Feng, Y., Qin, M., Li, S., Zhang, F., Lv, F. Z., & Feng, W. (2018) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2018.02.002 · Cited by 123
Zhang, Y., Heo, Y., Park, S., et al. (2019) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym11010167 · Cited by 123
“19 95 ± 12 >10−2 298 PANI/SWCNT [132] 1.”
A Review of Heat Transfer in Nanofluids
Das, S. K., & Choi, S. U. S. (2009) · Advances in heat transfer · doi:10.1016/s0065-2717(08)41002-x · Cited by 124
1D-to-3D transition of phonon heat conduction in polyethylene using molecular dynamics simulations
Henry, A. S., Chen, G., Plimpton, S. J., & Thompson, A. P. (2010) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.82.144308 · Cited by 123
Thermal conductivities of individual tin dioxide nanobelts
Shi, L., Hao, Q., Yu, C., et al. (2004) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.1697622 · Cited by 123
Self-citationGuo, J., Liu, Y., Prada‐Silvy, R., et al. (2013) · Journal of Polymer Science Part B Polymer Physics · doi:10.1002/polb.23402 · Cited by 122
Recent Advances in Vapor Chamber Transport Characterization for High-Heat-Flux Applications
Weibel, J. A., & Garimella, S. V. (2013) · Advances in heat transfer · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-407819-2.00004-9 · Cited by 121
“The intrinsically high thermal conductivity of CNTs determined both theoretically [193,194] and experimentally [195-198] may be exploited, and has previously led to a reduction in the resistance to heat flow at interfaces between components [199-202] and a development of novel composite materials with increased therma…”
BackgroundFabrication of a layered nanostructure PEDOT:PSS/SWCNTs composite and its thermoelectric performance
Song, H., Liu, C., Xu, J., Jiang, Q., & Shi, H. (2013) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/c3ra42414f · Cited by 121
Pan, Y., Wan, J., Zhao, X., et al. (2017) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2017.08.059 · Cited by 121
Polymer/carbon nanotube composite materials for flexible thermoelectric power generator
Song, H., Qiu, Y., Wang, Y., Cai, K., Li, D., Deng, Y., & He, J. (2017) · Composites Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2017.10.006 · Cited by 126
Heat rectification in molecular junctions
Segal, D., & Nitzan, A. (2005) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.1900063 · Cited by 121
An outline of the synthesis and properties of silicon nanowires
Bandaru, P. R., & Pichanusakorn, P. (2010) · Semiconductor Science and Technology · doi:10.1088/0268-1242/25/2/024003 · Cited by 122
Huang, Y., Lin, J., Tang, C., et al. (2011) · Nanotechnology · doi:10.1088/0957-4484/22/14/145602 · Cited by 120
Controlling and Measuring Quantum Transport of Heat in Trapped-Ion Crystals
Bermúdez, A., Bruderer, M., & Plenio, M. B. (2013) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.111.040601 · Cited by 114
Lignin‐derived electrochemical energy materials and systems
Wu, X., Jiang, J., Wang, C., Liu, J., Pu, Y., Ragauskas, A. J., Li, S., & Yang, B. (2020) · Biofuels Bioproducts and Biorefining · doi:10.1002/bbb.2083 · Cited by 123
Worsley, M. A., Satcher, J. H., & Baumann, T. F. (2008) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/la8011684 · Cited by 120
Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polymethyl Methacrylate‐BN Nanotube Composites
Zhi, C., Bando, Y., Wang, W., et al. (2008) · Journal of Nanomaterials · doi:10.1155/2008/642036 · Cited by 119
Shuai, J., Xiong, L., Zhu, L. Z., et al. (2016) · Composites Part A Applied Science and Manufacturing · doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.05.027 · Cited by 119
Paul, J., Pandey, A. K., Mishra, Y. N., Said, Z., Mishra, Y. K., Ma, Z., Jacob, J., Kadirgama, K., Samykano, M., & Tyagi, V. V. (2022) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2022.112321 · Cited by 118
Phonon Engineering in Carbon Nanotubes by Controlling Defect Concentration
Sevik, C., Sevinçli, H., Cuniberti, G., & Çağın, T. (2011) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl2029333 · Cited by 123
Wingert, M. C., Chen, Z. C. Y., Kwon, S., Xiang, J., & Chen, R. (2012) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/1.3681255 · Cited by 118
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes added to Na2CO3/MgO composites for thermal energy storage
Ye, F., Ge, Z., Ding, Y., & Yang, J. (2013) · Particuology · doi:10.1016/j.partic.2013.05.001 · Cited by 118
Interfacial thermal conductance between silicon and a vertical carbon nanotube
Hu, M., Keblinski, P., Wang, J., et al. (2008) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.3000441 · Cited by 118
Carbon nanotube-based electron field emitters
Елецкий, А. В. (2010) · Physics-Uspekhi · doi:10.3367/ufne.0180.201009a.0897 · Cited by 118
Carbon nanomaterials for nerve tissue stimulation and regeneration
Fraczek–Szczypta, A. (2013) · Materials Science and Engineering C · doi:10.1016/j.msec.2013.09.038 · Cited by 117
Microfluidics for flexible electronics
Guo, J., Yu, Y., Cai, L., Wang, Y., Shi, K., Shang, L., Pan, J., & Zhao, Y. (2021) · Materials Today · doi:10.1016/j.mattod.2020.08.017 · Cited by 120
Nano additive enhanced salt hydrate phase change materials for thermal energy storage
Kalidasan, B., Pandey, A. K., Saidur, R., Samykano, M., & Tyagi, V. V. (2022) · International Materials Reviews · doi:10.1080/09506608.2022.2053774 · Cited by 118
“cles is about 3000 and 5300 W m·K [61,62].”
Review on the Preparation and Thermal Performances of Carbon Nanotube Contained Nanofluids
Xie, H., & Chen, L. (2011) · Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data · doi:10.1021/je101026j · Cited by 116
Mechanical and electromechanical properties of graphene and their potential application in MEMS
Khan, Z. H., Kermany, A. R., Öchsner, A. Ö., & Iacopi, F. (2017) · Journal of Physics D Applied Physics · doi:10.1088/1361-6463/50/5/053003 · Cited by 116
Functionalized Carbon Materials for Electronic Devices: A Review
Kamran, U., Heo, Y., Lee, J. E., & Park, S. (2019) · Micromachines · doi:10.3390/mi10040234 · Cited by 118
“A literature survey indicated that CNTs possessed thermal and electrical conductance up to 3,000 Wm∙K−1 [17] and 1800 S∙cm−1 [18], respectively.”
BackgroundZhan, H., Chen, Y. W., Shi, Q., Zhang, Y., Mo, R. W., & Wang, J. N. (2021) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2021.09.069 · Cited by 117
Nonequilibrium Green’s function method for thermal transport in junctions
Wang, J., Zeng, N., Wang, J., et al. (2007) · Physical Review E · doi:10.1103/physreve.75.061128 · Cited by 116
Augmentation of acrylic bone cement with multiwall carbon nanotubes
Marrs, B., Andrews, R. J., Rantell, T. D., et al. (2006) · Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A · doi:10.1002/jbm.a.30651 · Cited by 116
Zhao, J., Du, F., Zhou, X., Cui, W., Wang, X., Zhu, H. Y., Xie, X., & Mai, Y. (2011) · Composites Part B Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2011.05.005 · Cited by 114
Thermal probing of energy dissipation in current-carrying carbon nanotubes
Shi, L., Zhou, J., Kim, P., Bachtold, A., Majumdar, A., & McEuen, P. L. (2009) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.3126708 · Cited by 115
Self-citationKumar, R., Sharma, S. K., Kumar, B. V. M., et al. (2015) · Composites Part A Applied Science and Manufacturing · doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.05.007 · Cited by 116
Chen, L., & Xie, H. (2009) · Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects · doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.10.015 · Cited by 115
Axially Engineered Metal–Insulator Phase Transition by Graded Doping VO2 Nanowires
Lee, S., Cheng, C., Guo, H., et al. (2013) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja400658u · Cited by 115
Pang, Z., Gu, X., Wei, Y., et al. (2016) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03711 · Cited by 115
Chiodarelli, N., Sugiura, M., Kashiwagi, Y., Li, Y., Arstila, K., Richard, O., Cott, D. J., Heyns, M., Gendt, S. D., Groeseneken, G., et al. (2011) · Nanotechnology · doi:10.1088/0957-4484/22/8/085302 · Cited by 114
“Carbon nanotubes (CNT) are carbon allotropes with outstanding electrical properties as they can exhibit ballistic transport at room temperature and for micrometric lengths [1], sustain current densities larger than 109 A cm−2 [2, 3] and have high thermal conductivity [4].”
BackgroundThermoelectric properties of PEDOT nanowire/PEDOT hybrids
Zhang, K., Qiu, J., & Wang, S. (2016) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/c5nr08421k · Cited by 116
Cui, Y., Zhu, J. T., Zhang, F., Shao, Y., & Xue, Y. (2022) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2022.112147 · Cited by 116
Effect of defects on the thermal conductivity in a nanowire
Chen, K., Li, W., Duan, W., Shuai, Z., & Gu, B.-L. (2005) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.72.045422 · Cited by 115
Processing and characterization of MWCNT reinforced aluminum matrix composites
Idapalapati, S., & Narayanan, K. R. (2009) · Journal of Materials Science · doi:10.1007/s10853-009-3290-5 · Cited by 114
Metadata
- Authors
- Kim, P., Shi, L., Majumdar, A., & McEuen, P. L.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US)
- Venue
- Physical Review Letters
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 2001-10-31
- Volume
- 87
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 215502-215502
- ISSN
- 0031-9007 (ISSN-L)
- 1079-7114
- OpenAlex
- W2170116274
- Semantic Scholar
- 6afd3f2f6be3f5b0608297a41e67c4510a4ede69
- Cited by
- 3,378
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 58 · 2025: 83 · 2024: 80 · 2023: 114 · 2022: 138 · 2021: 167 · 2020: 142 · 2019: 182 · 2018: 218 · 2017: 168 · 2016: 177 · 2015: 174 · 2014: 172 · 2013: 205 · 2012: 209
- FWCI
- 30.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Physical Review Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- Technische Universität Dortmund Eldorado (Technische Universität Dortmund) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Technische Universität Dortmund Eldorado (Technische Universität Dortmund)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Thermal properties of materials
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Carbon Nanotubes in Composites
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Graphene research and applications
- Keywords
- carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, thermal conductivity, thermoelectric power, temperature dependence, phonon transport
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-20, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-20 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
