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Surface Diffusion: The Low Activation Energy Path for Nanotube Growth
Open accessAbstract
We present the temperature dependence of the growth rate of carbon nanofibers by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition with Ni, Co, and Fe catalysts. We extrapolate a common low activation energy of 0.23-0.4 eV, much lower than for thermal deposition. The carbon diffusion on the catalyst surface and the stability of the precursor molecules, C2H2 or CH4, are investigated by ab initio plane wave density functional calculations. We find a low activation energy of 0.4 eV for carbon surface diffusion on Ni and Co (111) planes, much lower than for bulk diffusion. The energy barrier for C2H2 and CH4 dissociation is at least 1.3 eV and 0.9 eV, respectively, on Ni(111) planes or step edges. Hence, the rate-limiting step for plasma-enhanced growth is carbon diffusion on the catalyst surface, while an extra barrier is present for thermal growth due to gas decomposition.
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Cites
Principles of Plasma Discharges and Materials Processing
Lieberman, M. A., & Lichtenberg, A. J. (2005) · doi:10.1002/0471724254 · Cited by 4,748
Cited by
In situ Observations of Catalyst Dynamics during Surface-Bound Carbon Nanotube Nucleation
Hofmann, S., Sharma, R., Ducati, C., Du, G., Mattevi, C., Cepek, C., Cantoro, M., Pisana, S., Parvez, A., Cervantes-Sodi, F., et al. (2007) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl0624824 · Cited by 736
Self-citationSánchez-Bastardo, N., Schlögl, R., & Ruland, H. (2021) · Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research · doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01679 · Cited by 574
Yoshida, H., Takeda, S., Uchiyama, T., Kohno, H., & Homma, Y. (2008) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl080452q · Cited by 567
Understanding plasma catalysis through modelling and simulation—a review
Neyts, E. C., & Bogaerts, A. (2014) · Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics · doi:10.1088/0022-3727/47/22/224010 · Cited by 342
Metadata
- Authors
- Hofmann, S., Csányi, G., Ferrari, A. C., Payne, M. C., & Robertson, J.
- Venue
- Physical Review Letters
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 2005-07-12
- Volume
- 95
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 036101-036101
- ISSN
- 0031-9007 (ISSN-L)
- 1079-7114
- OpenAlex
- W2068238280
- Cited by
- 426
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 15.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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- Hofmann, S., Csányi, G., Ferrari, A. C., Payne, M. C., & Robertson, J. (2005). Surface Diffusion: The Low Activation Energy Path for Nanotube Growth. Physical Review Letters. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.95.036101
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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