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Reference frames, superselection rules, and quantum information
Open accessAbstract
Recently, there has been much interest in a new kind of ``unspeakable'' quantum information that stands to regular quantum information in the same way that a direction in space or a moment in time stands to a classical bit string: the former can only be encoded using particular degrees of freedom while the latter are indifferent to the physical nature of the information carriers. The problem of correlating distant reference frames, of which aligning Cartesian axes and synchronizing clocks are important instances, is an example of a task that requires the exchange of unspeakable information and for which it is interesting to determine the fundamental quantum limit of efficiency. There have also been many investigations into the information theory that is appropriate for parties that lack reference frames or that lack correlation between their reference frames, restrictions that result in global and local superselection rules. In the presence of these, quantum unspeakable information becomes a new kind of resource that can be manipulated, depleted, quantified, etc. Methods have also been developed to contend with these restrictions using relational encodings, particularly in the context of computation, cryptography, communication, and the manipulation of entanglement. This paper reviews the role of reference frames and superselection rules in the theory of quantum-information processing.
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“any function which quantifies the performance of states for the task of phase estimation is automatically a measure of asymmetry relative to phase shifts [22].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Bartlett, S. D., Rudolph, T., & Spekkens, R. W.
- Affiliations
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Venue
- Reviews of Modern Physics
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 2007-04-05
- Volume
- 79
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 555-609
- ISSN
- 0034-6861 (ISSN-L)
- 1539-0756
- OpenAlex
- W2148115906
- Cited by
- 827
- References
- 187
- Citations by year
- 2026: 40 · 2025: 77 · 2024: 61 · 2023: 57 · 2022: 65 · 2021: 63 · 2020: 59 · 2019: 54 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 51 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 28
- FWCI
- 31.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Reviews of Modern Physics (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (publishedVersion)
- CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Mechanics and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture
- Keywords
- reference frames, superselection rules, quantum information, relational encoding, entanglement, clock synchronization, coordinate alignment, quantum cryptography, quantum communication, quantum computing
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