Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 1,911

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 16 of the 16 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The anatomy of a comprehensive constrained, restrained refinement program for the modern computing environment –Olex2 dissected

Open access
Bourhis, Luc J., Dolomanov, Oleg V., Gildea, Richard J., Howard, Judith A. K., Puschmann, Horst·2015·Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances

Abstract

This paper describes the mathematical basis for olex2.refine, the new refinement engine which is integrated within the Olex2 program. Precise and clear equations are provided for every computation performed by this engine, including structure factors and their derivatives, constraints, restraints and twinning; a general overview is also given of the different components of the engine and their relation to each other. A framework for adding multiple general constraints with dependencies on common physical parameters is described. Several new restraints on atomic displacement parameters are also presented.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1107/s2053273314022207

Cites

16 of 16 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 16 references

Cited by

See all 1,911

Metadata

Authors
Bourhis, L. J., Dolomanov, O. V., Gildea, R. J., Howard, J. A. K., & Puschmann, H.
Venue
Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances
Published
2015-01-01
Volume
71
Issue
1
Pages
59-75
ISSN
2053-2733 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2142787097
Cited by
1,911
References
16
FWCI
25.02
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
hybrid

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The anatomy of a comprehensive constrained, restrained refinement program for the modern computing environment –Olex2 dissected. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1107/s2053273314022207
The paper
Bourhis, L. J., Dolomanov, O. V., Gildea, R. J., Howard, J. A. K., & Puschmann, H. (2015). The anatomy of a comprehensive constrained, restrained refinement program for the modern computing environment –Olex2 dissected. Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances. https://doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314022207

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.