Cited by 99Additive Manufacturing Materials and ProcessesAdditive Manufacturing and 3D Printing TechnologiesLaser Material Processing Techniques

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The production of copper parts using DMLR

Pogson, S.R., Fox, P., Sutcliffe, C.J., O’Neill, W.·2003·Rapid Prototyping Journal

Abstract

The relationship between the major process variables (laser power, laser scan speed, scan length, beam overlap and Q‐switch pulse frequency) of direct metal laser re‐melting and their effect on the structure of single‐ and multi‐layer copper coupons has been investigated. The work successfully produced selectively fused copper powder layers and simple three‐dimensional copper structures with suitable laser parameters being identified for the production of parts, including thin‐walled cubic structures. It was shown that the specific energy density needed to melt thick powder beds was less than that to melt multi‐layer builds and that the type of substrate material used significantly affected the process parameters. Thus, the substrate and its thermal properties have a significant effect on the melt pool size and freezing rate.

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Crossref · 10.1108/13552540310502239

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Research works printed but not linked: 13

  1. Amon, C., Beuth, J. et al. (1993), “Material issues in layered forming”, Proceedings of the Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, The University of Texas at Austin, pp. 1‐11.
  2. Carter, W.T. Jr and Jones, M.G. (1993), “Direct laser sintering of metals”, Solid Freeform Fabrication Proceedings, pp. 54‐60.
  3. Karapatis, N.P., Egger, G. et al. (1999), “Optimisation of powder layer density in selective laser sintering”, Solid Freeform Fabrication Proceedings, pp. 255‐64.
  4. Lide, D.R. (Ed.) (2002), “Commercial metals and alloys”, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, CRC Press LLC, Florida, pp. 12‐232.
  5. Morgan, R. (2001a), “Direct metal laser re‐melting of 316L stainless steel powder. Part 2: analysis of cubic primitives”, Proceedings of the Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, The University of Texas at Austin, Vol. 12, p. 283.
  6. Morgan, R., Sutcliffe, C.J. et al. (2001b), “Density analysis of direct metal laser re‐melted 316L stainless steel cubic primitives”, Rapid Prototyping Journal.
  7. Morgan, R., Sutcliffe, C.J. et al. (2001c), “Experimental investigation of nanosecond pulsed Nd:YAG laser re‐melted pre‐placed powder beds”, Rapid Prototyping Journal, Vol. 7 No. 3, pp. 159‐72. · DOI
  8. Steen, W.M. (1998), Laser Material Processing, Springer‐Verlag, London, p. 68. · DOI
  9. William, J.D. and Deckard, C.R. (1998), “Advances in modeling the effects of selected parameters on the SLS process”, Rapid Prototyping Journal, Vol. 4 No. 2, pp. 90‐100. · DOI
  10. Arthur, G. (1954‐55), “Porosity permeability changes during the sintering of copper powder”, Journal of the Institute of Metals, pp. 329‐36.
  11. Das, S. (2001), “On some physical aspects of process control in direct selective laser sintering of metals ‐‐ Part 1”, Solid freedorm Fabrication Symposium Proceedings, pp. 85‐93.
  12. Xie, J., Kar, A. et al. (1997), “Temperature‐dependent absorptivity and cutting capability of CO2, Nd:YAG and chemical oxygen‐iodine lasers”, Journal of Laser Applications, Vol. 9, pp. 77‐85. · DOI
  13. Yevko, V., Park, C.B. et al. (1998), “Cladding formation in laser‐beam fusion of metal powder”, Rapid Prototyping Journal, Vol. 4 No. 4, pp. 168‐84. · DOI

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Metadata

Authors
Pogson, S. R., Fox, P., Sutcliffe, C. J., & O’Neill, W.
Affiliations
University of Liverpool (GB)
Venue
Rapid Prototyping Journal
Publisher
Emerald
Published
2003-12-01
Volume
9
Issue
5
Pages
334-343
ISSN
1355-2546 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2057915999
Cited by
99
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5 · 2012: 2
FWCI
4.46
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Rapid Prototyping Journal (publishedVersion)
  • Cambridge University Engineering Department Publications Database (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering › Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering › Laser Material Processing Techniques
Keywords
copper, laser powder bed fusion, laser processing parameters, laser power, scanning speed, beam overlap, melt pool size, freezing rate, substrate thermal properties, thin-walled structures, powder bed fusion

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