CITATION ANALYSIS
Abstract
Citation analysis for the purposes of this survey is taken to mean the analysis of the citations or references which form part of the scholarly apparatus of primary communication. It is not taken to include study of the references appearing in secondary (abstracting or indexing) services, in subject bibliographies, or in lists or catalogues of the holdings or issues of libraries, although analysis of these latter sources of data can sometimes provide similar information to that derived from citations in the primary literature. The essence of the distinction is that citation in the primary literature expressly states a connection between two documents, one which cites and the other which is cited, whereas citation in other listings does not usually imply any connection between documents other than that effected by the indexing machinery. If libraries kept records of the materials requested, borrowed, or read by their individual users, and if these records could be synthesised so as to produce complete borrowing or reading lists for individuals (taking account, that is, of document acquisition by individuals from a number of sources), then the resultant data could be used for analytical purposes in the same way as citation data from primary publication and with much the same justification.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
A citation 'is not a unit, but an event' and adding citations up has little heuristic value.
“yet a citation 'is not a unit, but an event' (Martyn 1975, p. 291) and adding them up has little heuristic value.”
From One in four citations in marine biology papers is inappropriate (2010) · cites this paper as Martyn 1975
No citation lists for this paper
No citation lists for this paper yet — checked again daily.
References 10 · Cited by 43
- Authors
- MARTYN, J.
- Corresponding author
- MARTYN, JOHN
- Venue
- Journal of Documentation
- Publisher
- Emerald
- Published
- 1975-04
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 290-297
- ISSN
- 0022-0418 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4233891239
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 3.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Documentation (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › scientometrics and bibliometrics research
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Library Science and Information
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Web visibility and informetrics
- Keywords
- citation analysis, bibliometric analysis, citation data, primary literature, bibliographic references, library borrowing records, document acquisition
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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