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Cited by 5,649

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Watersheds in digital spaces: an efficient algorithm based on immersion simulations

Vincent, L., Soille, P.·1991·IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
DOI 10.1109/34.87344
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Abstract

A fast and flexible algorithm for computing watersheds in digital gray-scale images is introduced. A review of watersheds and related motion is first presented, and the major methods to determine watersheds are discussed. The algorithm is based on an immersion process analogy, in which the flooding of the water in the picture is efficiently simulated using of queue of pixel. It is described in detail provided in a pseudo C language. The accuracy of this algorithm is proven to be superior to that of the existing implementations, and it is shown that its adaptation to any kind of digital grid and its generalization to n-dimensional images (and even to graphs) are straightforward. The algorithm is reported to be faster than any other watershed algorithm. Applications of this algorithm with regard to picture segmentation are presented for magnetic resonance (MR) imagery and for digital elevation models. An example of 3-D watershed is also provided.>

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Metadata

Authors
Vincent, L., & Soille, P.
Venue
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Publisher
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Published
1991-06
Volume
13
Issue
6
Pages
583-598
ISSN
0162-8828 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1109/34.87344
OpenAlex
W2124260943
Cited by
5,649
References
1
FWCI
20.13
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/downloads/license-information/IEEE.html (vor)

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Watersheds in digital spaces: an efficient algorithm based on immersion simulations. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1109/34.87344
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Vincent, L., & Soille, P. (1991). Watersheds in digital spaces: an efficient algorithm based on immersion simulations. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. https://doi.org/10.1109/34.87344

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