Capability maturity model, version 1.1

“Some of the most notable directions in this research are represented by such projects as the Software Engineering Institute's Capability Maturity Models (e.g., CMM and CMMI) [2] [3], the Experience Factory project [4] [5], and the many attempts to define measures of software quality and process characteristics [6].”

“A maturity model is regarded as a conceptual model which is characterised by the display of several maturity levels representing the developmental capabilities of organisations [35].”

“As a result, we see an opportunity for organisations to employ our six-stage model in practice by periodically evaluating a selection of their IS processes, similar to the capability maturity model for software development (Paulk et al., 1993), and chart progress over time.”

“Most maturity models are developed based on Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) developed by Paulk, Curtis, Chrissis, and Weber (1993) and have adopted initial, repeatable, managed, de fi ned and optimising levels (Dadashi Haji, Taghaddos, Sebt, Chokan, & Zavari, 2021; Xue, Bernstein,…”

“Software process and process modeling has become a hot topic the software engineering community [2, 3, 13, 20, 21, 23].”

“As evidence for this, consider the Software Engineering Institute’s capability maturity model (CMM [43]), which categorizes software organizations into one of £ve levels based on the maturity of their software development process.”

“In 1993, the Software Engineering Institute introduced the Capability Maturity Model, which marked the introduction of readiness models into practice (Paulk et al. 1993).”

“CMM further evolved into CMMI.”

“Introduced by Crosby (1979), maturity modelling is widely adopted in software engineering and information systems domains following the popularity of capability maturity model (CMM) for software processes (Paulk et al. , 1993).”

“It has recently been used to model "high-level" process improvements corresponding to SEI levels of maturity [5, 3].”

“…is such that it has in place i) technological capabilities for developing required software within the defined schedule, ii) software process and risk management structures and mechanisms that are capable of ensuring with high probability that the deadlines are met [Paulk et al. (1993)] .”

“• The research motivated the creation of two initiatives ś a Technical Debt Maturity Model (akin to the Capability Maturity Model [38]) and Technical Debt Management Framework ś to help teams improve technical debt assessment and management.”

“This carries some similarities to the capability maturity model developed in the late 1980s by the Software Engineering Institute; this model is organised into five maturity levels (Paulk, 1993, p. 246; Paulk et al., 1993, p. 21).”

“The maturity level has fundamental components of dimensions and stages, according to Paulk et al. (1993), who developed a maturity model called the Capability Maturity Model (CMM).”

“Particularly the work on the Capability Maturity Model (CMM) has shaped the understanding of many scholars to comprehend maturity as linear process that can explicitly be defined, managed, measured, and controlled [33].”

“The conventional wisdom of software engineering suggests that given the inherent complexity of software (Brooks, 1987), it should be developed using tightly co-ordinated, centralised teams, following a rigorous development process (Paulk et al, 1993).”

“11 There is abundant research related to security maturity modeling.”

“Given the extensive number of domain-related standards, this document helps organisations and individuals to address the relevant standards easily.”

“The concept of maturity models originated in the field of organizational development and was initially proposed as a tool for assessing the maturity of software development processes in the Capability Maturity Model (CMM) (Humphrey 1988; Paulk et al 1993).”

“It was built on already existing software assessment methods, such as the Capability Maturity Model (CMM) by the Software Engineering Institute [99] and TRILLIUM developed by Bell Laboratories in Canada [7], among the most known ones.”

“Many popular software process assessment frameworks, such as CMM [34] and BOOTSTRAP [27], utilize the process of ranking in defining maturity levels.”

“Crosby’s Quality Management Maturity Grid (Crosby, 1978), SEI’s Capability Maturity Model (Paulk et al., 1993), KPMG’s Knowledge Management Framework Assessment Exercise (KPMG, 1999), KPMG’s characterization of the Knowledge Journey and the Power of Knowledge (Parlby, 1999a, b), and Microsoft’s IT Advisor for Knowledg…”

“Over time, classic capability MMs have been adopted from other models in the technological or organizational domains (e.g., Paulk et al. 1993; Rosemann and De Bruin 2005).”

“Our approach has been influenced by the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) Software Process and Capability Maturity Model (CMM) [6, 8, 9 ].”

“One of the better recognized models of software process maturity is the Capability Maturity Model (CMM) developed by the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh [12, 36].”

“The capability maturity model in software engineering defines different levels based on the maturity of the software development processes [18].”

“The maturity level of CMM can reflect the formality and optimization of the existing process in promoting security and evaluate the capability of these processes.”

“Maturity concepts can be distinguished by people or workforce capabilities [25], process maturity [26], or technology maturity [27].”

“The software development process refers to activities, methods, practices and transformations that are used to develop and maintain software (Paulk et al. , 1993).”

“Originally proposed by Paulk, Curtis, Chrissis and Weber [4] to assist the process of software development, specifically in government projects, the CMM later evolved as a tool for improving business processes in general.”

“Building on the Capability Maturity Model (CMM) for software development [32, 33], an Enterprise Business Intelligence Maturity Model has been proposed that consists of four key dimensions or capabilities: information quality, master data management, warehouse architecture, and analytics [41].”

“or CMM [13] can require considerable effort, and”

“…practices (Potage 1998, 2017; Battista and Schiraldi 2013; Laguna-Salvadó et al. 2015; Morana 2015; Varella and Gonçalves 2016), processes (Paulk et al. 1993; Potage 1998; Rosemann and de Bruin 2005; Balcik et al. 2009; Curtis et al. 2009; Lee and Kwak 2012; Mallek-Daclin et al. 2017;…”

“Examples of well-known SPI standards are Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) (Paulk et al., 1993), which is the latest SPI model introduced by the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) (CMMI v1.”

“Measurement systems, such as the software Capability Maturity Model (CMM), often direct attention to these (and other) control aspects through industry standards of control tasks (Paulk et al. 1993).”

“Writers from the SEI argue that as the process maturity level rises, so too do quality and productivity ( Paulk et al., 1993 ).”

“…with regard to a certain discipline or field of business has become popular since the capability maturity model (CMM) was proposed by the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) of Carnegie Mellon University and has been proven in practice (Paulk, Curtis, Chrissis, & Weber, 1993; Wendler, 2012).”

“We use the IT Governance Model (Becker, Knackstedt, and Pöppelbuß 2009), which is based on the Capability Maturity Model (Paulk et al. 1993), to define the stages of SMA.”

“…the beginning of the development of software quality models [3], Boehm software quality model [4], FURPS [5-6], International Organization for Standardization (ISO) [7], CMM (Capability Maturity Model) [8-9], and other models were widely used as the goal of software quality to be achieved [10-12].”

“Maturity comes with stages, and is often based on the Capability Maturity Model leveling (Paulk et al. 1993) as developed by the Software Engineering Institute (Becker et al. 2010).”

“Adoption of the Software Engineering Institute’s (SEI’s) Capability Maturity Model (CMM) [9, 10] provides another interesting example of the apparent differences in the value of empirical evidence.”

“Process capability MMs and related standards provide a common framework to support organisations in evaluating their process capabilities and organisational maturity levels and also revealing gaps or weaknesses that organisations should iteratively improve [16].”

“[6], [13]–[15], [18], [28], [30] INTEGRATION OF”

“Fo re xample, in CMM ( Paulk et al., 1993 ), the importance of quality of organization, which can be guessed from process metrics but not from product metrics, is especially emphasized.”

“For instances, Capability Maturity Model (CMM) [56],”

“Paulk, Curtis, Chrissis, and Weber (1993) outline the objectives of the CMM and suggest how an organization can best control its project management and IS development processes.”

“The literature indicates many ways of handling software management that are both quantitative and qualitative Initially a study should be made of existing software quality maintenance and improvement techniques such as (e.g.) GQM [22] and CMM [23], which are methods designed to ensure success through good custom and p…”

“The CMM is widely used within the area of information systems and recently in the digital transformation process (Paulk et al. 1993; Tian et al. 2010).”

“In the CMM (Paulk et al. 1993) this coupling is implicit, since measurement is performed in level 4 organisations, which are supposed to have defined their process in level 3.”

“Level Managed Capability Maturity Model (CMM) [17] Level Quantitatively”

“More specifically, it was " designed to help developers to select process-improvement strategies by determining their current process maturity and identifying the most critical issues to improving their software quality and process " (Paulk, 1993, p. 19).”

“It was later developed into the CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration), a single framework for software engineering process improvements (Paulk et al. 1993; De Bruin et al. 2005; SEI Carnegie Mellon University 2009; Team 2010) and proved applicable (Paulk et al. 1993).”

“In this context, maturity is a specific process that entails the explicit definition, management, measurement, and control of the evolutionary growth of an entity, such as - in this special case, capabilities (Kerpedzhiev et al. 2021; Paulk et al. 1993).”

“Paulk et al. (1993) describe Version 1.1 of the Capability Maturity Model (CMM), a framework for assessing and improving software development processes across fi ve levels of organizational maturity.”

“Maturity levels (ML) are displayed on the Y -axis and are “well-defined evolutionary plateaus toward achieving a mature… process” [26].”

“Good overviews of the model are described by Paulk et al. (1993a) in IEEE Software.”

“Researchers have proposed a maturity model for software development [12] and maintenance [13].”

“This paper explores the problems that ERP implementations cause in many organisations, particularly those with little experience of IT (Paulk et al. , 1993) and IT people (Kumta and Shah, 2002).”

“This parallels the capability maturity model (CMM) for software engineering projects (Paulk et al. 1993; Jiang et al. 2004) and the maturity model for IT portfolio management (Jeffery and Leliveld 2004).”

“• Software Engineering Process Groups (SEPG) [8] making process improvements along the SEI’s CMM [18], [14], [7], and”

“The method is based on Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) [86] and it assesses the impact of material modeling on four factors: People, Process, Tool and Data.”

“The complete architecture of proposed model (RMCGSD) is provided in Figure 6 and it is based on the ideas of existing readiness models (like, SOPM[51], SOVRM[45], and CMMI[52]) and the factors that could impact the CGSD process.”

“The CMMI model has five levels from initial, controlled, defined, quantitatively controlled to optimizing [23].”

“Finally, a process maturity framework, proposed by Humphrey in 1988 [10], inspired researchers from Software Engineering Institute at CMU, who defined Capability Maturity Model (CMM) [11], a five-stage scheme that identifies major areas of responsibilities and capabilities in software development.”

“One of the better ways to present financial value is through Return on Investment (ROI) [2, 3].”

“Probably the most influential work within the domain of Capability Maturity Models (CMM) was presented by Paulk et al. [16] who laid the foundation for this research field and originally defined the five capability levels from initial to optimized, which were broadly adopted by subsequent models…”

“A maturity model can take different forms [ 35 ].”

“As described by Paulk, Curtis, Chrissis and Weber (1993), maturity occurs when the process is launched, repeated, specified, managed, and optimized.”