The DOI matches its Crossref record; 44 of the 44 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
An application of recurrent nets to phone probability estimation
Abstract
This paper presents an application of recurrent networks for phone probability estimation in large vocabulary speech recognition. The need for efficient exploitation of context information is discussed; a role for which the recurrent net appears suitable. An overview of early developments of recurrent nets for phone recognition is given along with the more recent improvements that include their integration with Markov models. Recognition results are presented for the DARPA TIMIT and Resource Management tasks, and it is concluded that recurrent nets are competitive with traditional means for performing phone probability estimation.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A tutorial on hidden Markov models and selected applications in speech recognition
Rabiner, L. R. (1989) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/5.18626 · Cited by 22,743
Learning Internal Representations by Error Propagation
Rumelhart, D. E., Hinton, G. E., & Williams, R. J. (1985) · doi:10.21236/ada164453 · Cited by 16,172
Parallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in the Microstructure of Cognition: Foundations
Rumelhart, D. E., McClelland, J. L., & AU (1986) · doi:10.7551/mitpress/5236.001.0001 · Cited by 15,686
Advances in neural information processing systems 7
(1996) · Computers & Mathematics with Applications · doi:10.1016/s0898-1221(96)90463-0 · Cited by 14,281
Elman, J. L. (1990) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1207/s15516709cog1402_1 · Cited by 11,212
Backpropagation through time: what it does and how to do it
Werbos, P. J. (1990) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/5.58337 · Cited by 4,879
A Learning Algorithm for Continually Running Fully Recurrent Neural Networks
Williams, R. J., & Zipser, D. (1989) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco.1989.1.2.270 · Cited by 4,369
Phoneme recognition using time-delay neural networks
Waibel, A., Hanazawa, T., Hinton, G., Shikano, K., & Lang, K. J. (1989) · IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/29.21701 · Cited by 2,643
Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 5
Zemel, R. S., Williams, C. K. I., & Mozer, M. C. (1993) · Cited by 1,896
Increased rates of convergence through learning rate adaptation
Jacobs, R. A. (1988) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/0893-6080(88)90003-2 · Cited by 1,806
Cited by
Hinton, G., Deng, L., Yu, D., Dahl, G., Mohamed, A.-R., Jaitly, N., Senior, A., Vanhoucke, V., Nguyen, P., Sainath, T., et al. (2012) · IEEE Signal Processing Magazine · doi:10.1109/msp.2012.2205597 · Cited by 10,260
Bidirectional recurrent neural networks
Schuster, M., & Paliwal, K. K. (1997) · IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/78.650093 · Cited by 10,172
Speech recognition with deep recurrent neural networks
Graves, A., Mohamed, A.-R., & Hinton, G. (2013) · 2013 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/icassp.2013.6638947 · Cited by 8,893
Graves, A., Fernández, S., Gomez, F., & Schmidhuber, J. (2006) · Proceedings of the 23rd international conference on Machine learning - ICML '06 · doi:10.1145/1143844.1143891 · Cited by 5,370
Deep Learning: Methods and Applications
Deng, L., & Yu, D. (2014) · Foundations and Trends® in Signal Processing · doi:10.1561/2000000039 · Cited by 3,480
Metadata
- Authors
- Robinson, A. J.
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
- Published
- 1994-03
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 298-305
- ISSN
- 1045-9227 (ISSN-L)
- 1941-0093
- OpenAlex
- W2110871230
- Cited by
- 441
- References
- 44
- FWCI
- 15.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: An application of recurrent nets to phone probability estimation. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1109/72.279192
- The paper
- Robinson, A. J. (1994). An application of recurrent nets to phone probability estimation. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks. https://doi.org/10.1109/72.279192
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.